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bio 152 (lab 6-11) > Lab 7 > Flashcards

Lab 7 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the four shapes that bones are classified into?

A

long bones, irregular bones, flat bones, short bones

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2
Q

what is a sesamoid bone?

A

small and flat, develop in tendons, near joints and knees, hands, feet

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3
Q

what type of bone forms the walls of the diaphysis?

A

compact bone

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4
Q

what type of bone predominates at the epiphyses?

A

spongy bone

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5
Q

what is found in the medullary cavity?

A

red bone marrow

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6
Q

periosteum and endosteum are?

A

membranes that cover bone surfaces;
periosteum- covers external surface, dense irregular CT
endosteum- covers trabeclae and lines bone cavities

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7
Q

ossification?

A

formation of bone

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8
Q

calcification?

A

deposition of calcium salts within a tissue

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9
Q

osteocytes?

A

cells that maintain bone tissue

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10
Q

osteoblasts?

A

cells that produce bone matrix

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11
Q

osteoclasts?

A

cells that dissolve bone matrix

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12
Q

osteoprogenitors?

A

stem cells that can differentiate into bone cells

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13
Q

endochondral ossification?

A

type of formation of bone where cartilage is replaced by bone
-long bones use this method

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14
Q

epiphyseal line with ossified epiphyseal plate?

A

adult

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15
Q

intramembranous ossification?

A

ossification where bone is formed within fibrous connective tissue
-flat bones

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16
Q

3 main subdivisions of the axial skeleton?

A

1: skull 2: thoracic cage 3: vertebral column

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17
Q

function of frontal sinus?

A

lighten skull bones, provide mucus, resignating chambers of speech

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18
Q

parietal bone sutures?

A

sagittal, coronal, squamous, lambdoid

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19
Q

what passes through the foramen magnum?

A

spinal cord

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20
Q

occipital condyles articulate with?

A

superior articular facet of C1 atlas

21
Q

mastoid process?

A

site of muscle attachment for sternocleidmastoid muscle

22
Q

stylohyoid ligament connects the styloid process to which bone?

A

hyoid bone

23
Q

external auditory meatus?

A

where sound enters the ear

24
Q

zygomatic process?

A

temporal process of the zygomatic bone, forms zygomatic arch

25
Q

what dural fold attaches to the crista galli?

A

falx cerebri

26
Q

what nerve endings pass through the tiny holes at the cribriform plate?

A

olfactory nerve endings

27
Q

what does the perpendicular plate form?

A

nasal septum

28
Q

superior and middle nasal conchae function?

A

swirls the air, cleans and filters it

29
Q

paranasal sinuses are found in which 4 bones?

A

frontal bone, maxillary bone, ethmoid bone, sphemoid bone

30
Q

nasolacrimal canal allows?

A

tears to drain into nasal cavity

31
Q

what are the count for the three types of vertebrae?

A

7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar

32
Q

where are intervertebral discs located?

A

between the vertebrae, surrounded by a collar of collagen fibers and fibrocartilage

33
Q

what happens with a herniated disc?

A

rupture of the collagen fibers and collagen (anulus fibrosus), pain is caused by rubbing against nerve

34
Q

intervertebral foramina?

A

holes located between the stacked vertebrae, spinal nerve exit through

35
Q

vertebral canal?

A

formed from stacked vertebral formina, spinal cord passes through

36
Q

basic structure of a vertebra?

A

body, transverse process, vertebral foramen, spinous process, superior and articular facets

37
Q

transverse foramina?

A

blood vessels pass through

38
Q

what does the dens of the C2 axis articulate with?

A

C1 atlas

39
Q

demifacets articulate with?

A

head of the rib

40
Q

transverse costal facets articulate with?

A

tubercle of the rib

41
Q

why are the lumbar vertebrae larger in structure?

A

the weight it is bearing

42
Q

what is the sacrum?

A

5 fused vertebrae, median sacral crest, sacral foramina, auricular surfface

43
Q

what does the auricular surface articulate with?

A

the iliac bone

44
Q

what is the coccyx?

A

3-5, usually 4 fused vertebrae

45
Q

what does the sternum protect?

A

the heart

46
Q

what bone articulates at the clavicular notch?

A

clavicle

47
Q

can you palpate the jugular notch?

A

yes

48
Q

what is the xiphoid process a point of?

A

point of attachment for several ligaments and muscles

49
Q

true ribs vs false ribs?

A

true ribs- attached to sternum

false ribs- attach to cartilage, 2 floating ribs which dont attach in front

bio 152 (lab 6-11) (6 decks)

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