Lab 7 Flashcards
what are the four shapes that bones are classified into?
long bones, irregular bones, flat bones, short bones
what is a sesamoid bone?
small and flat, develop in tendons, near joints and knees, hands, feet
what type of bone forms the walls of the diaphysis?
compact bone
what type of bone predominates at the epiphyses?
spongy bone
what is found in the medullary cavity?
red bone marrow
periosteum and endosteum are?
membranes that cover bone surfaces;
periosteum- covers external surface, dense irregular CT
endosteum- covers trabeclae and lines bone cavities
ossification?
formation of bone
calcification?
deposition of calcium salts within a tissue
osteocytes?
cells that maintain bone tissue
osteoblasts?
cells that produce bone matrix
osteoclasts?
cells that dissolve bone matrix
osteoprogenitors?
stem cells that can differentiate into bone cells
endochondral ossification?
type of formation of bone where cartilage is replaced by bone
-long bones use this method
epiphyseal line with ossified epiphyseal plate?
adult
intramembranous ossification?
ossification where bone is formed within fibrous connective tissue
-flat bones
3 main subdivisions of the axial skeleton?
1: skull 2: thoracic cage 3: vertebral column
function of frontal sinus?
lighten skull bones, provide mucus, resignating chambers of speech
parietal bone sutures?
sagittal, coronal, squamous, lambdoid
what passes through the foramen magnum?
spinal cord
occipital condyles articulate with?
superior articular facet of C1 atlas
mastoid process?
site of muscle attachment for sternocleidmastoid muscle
stylohyoid ligament connects the styloid process to which bone?
hyoid bone
external auditory meatus?
where sound enters the ear
zygomatic process?
temporal process of the zygomatic bone, forms zygomatic arch
what dural fold attaches to the crista galli?
falx cerebri
what nerve endings pass through the tiny holes at the cribriform plate?
olfactory nerve endings
what does the perpendicular plate form?
nasal septum
superior and middle nasal conchae function?
swirls the air, cleans and filters it
paranasal sinuses are found in which 4 bones?
frontal bone, maxillary bone, ethmoid bone, sphemoid bone
nasolacrimal canal allows?
tears to drain into nasal cavity
what are the count for the three types of vertebrae?
7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar
where are intervertebral discs located?
between the vertebrae, surrounded by a collar of collagen fibers and fibrocartilage
what happens with a herniated disc?
rupture of the collagen fibers and collagen (anulus fibrosus), pain is caused by rubbing against nerve
intervertebral foramina?
holes located between the stacked vertebrae, spinal nerve exit through
vertebral canal?
formed from stacked vertebral formina, spinal cord passes through
basic structure of a vertebra?
body, transverse process, vertebral foramen, spinous process, superior and articular facets
transverse foramina?
blood vessels pass through
what does the dens of the C2 axis articulate with?
C1 atlas
demifacets articulate with?
head of the rib
transverse costal facets articulate with?
tubercle of the rib
why are the lumbar vertebrae larger in structure?
the weight it is bearing
what is the sacrum?
5 fused vertebrae, median sacral crest, sacral foramina, auricular surfface
what does the auricular surface articulate with?
the iliac bone
what is the coccyx?
3-5, usually 4 fused vertebrae
what does the sternum protect?
the heart
what bone articulates at the clavicular notch?
clavicle
can you palpate the jugular notch?
yes
what is the xiphoid process a point of?
point of attachment for several ligaments and muscles
true ribs vs false ribs?
true ribs- attached to sternum
false ribs- attach to cartilage, 2 floating ribs which dont attach in front
