Lab 11 Flashcards
scrotum- function
houses testes
testes- function
produces sperm and testosterone
epididymis- function
storage and maturation of sperm
ductus deferens- function
conveys sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct during ejaculation
seminal vesicle- function
secretes alkaline fluid containing fructose, fibrinogen, and prostaglandins
ejaculatory duct- function
conveys sperm and semen from ductus deferens and seminal vesicles to urethra
prostate gland- function
secretes seminal plasmin to kill bacteria in UT
bulbourethral gland- function
secretes alkaline mucus prior to ejaculation for lubricating glans penis and neutralizing urinary aacids
urethra- function
carries urine and semen outside of body
corpora cavernosa- function
corpora spongiosum- function
erectile bodies that become engorged with blood to produce erection,
erectile body surrounding penila urethra, produces erection
prepuce- function
foreskin skin overlying tip of penis
what is an inguinal hermia?
tissue protrudes through a weak spot in abdominal muscles
-can occur from increased pressure, straining during bowel movements, pregnancy, coughing
alkaline fluid- function
neutralizes acidic urethra in male and vagina
prostaglandins- function
stimulates uterine contractions, decrease viscosity of cervical mucus
clotting factors- function
coagulate sperm right after ejaculation, keep sperm in vagina
fibrinolysin- function
breaks down clot so sperm can swim away
relaxin- function
enhance sperm motility
fructose, citric acid- function
provides nutrients
seminal plasmin- function
kills bacteria
sperm- function
fertilizes egg
function of cremaster and dartos muscles, and importance?
cremaster- lowers and raises testis in order to control temp
dartos- contracts with temp and during excitement, fear, anxiety, closer to body
importance is to maintain 1-3 degrees below body temp for sperm production
order of anatomical structures that a sperm cell would travel through from site of production in seminiferous tubule to the end of the penile urethra?
seminiferous tubule- rete testes- ducts of epididymis- vas deferens- ejaculatory duct- penile urethra
function of spermatogonia and spermatocytes?
undergo mitosis and meiosis for spermatogenesis to form spermatozoa
function of nurse/sertoli cells?
to provide blood-testes barrier, secrete inhibin, support developing sperm cells
function of interstitial cells
produce testosterone
function of ovary?
produces oocytes; secretes estrogen and progesterone
function of fimbriae?
creates currents that pull oocyte into uterine tube
function of uterine tubes?
conveys oocyte to uterus; optimal site of ferilization
function of uterus?
implantation, placenta formation and fetal development occur here
function of cervix?
entrance to uterus; dilates from 1mm to 10 cm during childbirth
function of clitoris?
developmental homologue to penis; sexual arousal
function of labia minora?
hairless lips of flesh that flank vaginal opening
function of labia majora?
flank vaginal opening, lateral to labia minora (have hair, sebaceous and apocrine sudoriferous glands)
vagina function?
receives penis, birth canal
vestibular glands function?
secrete mucus to lubricate vagina
what does the fimbriae have that helps sweep the oocyte?
cillia (pseudostratified ciliated columar)
where is the optimal site for fertilization to occur?
fallopian tube
what 2 hormones regulate the ovarian cycle?
FSH and LH
main steps in the ovarian cycle?
follicle cells secrete estrogen, egg enters uterine tubes (ovulation), corpus luteum forms and secrestes progesterone and estrogen to maintain pregnancy, degenerates if no implantation
primary functions of estrogen?
thickens endometrium when levels are high, surge of LH occurs when levels are high
maintains sex organs, maintains secondary sex characteristics
uterus is composed of three layers- outer perimetrium, middle myometrium, inner endometrium. what layer of the endometrium is shed?
functional zone
which layer of the endometrium generates new endometrial tissue?
basilar zone
what type of muscle is the myometrium made of?
smooth muscle
what 2 hormones regulate the uterine cycle?
estrogen and progesterone
what are the 3 phases of the menstrual cycle?
menstrual, proliferative, secretory
location of foramen ovale?
opening connecting right and left atria
location of ductus arteriosus?
connects pulmonary trunk to aorta
location of ductus venosus?
connects umbilical vein to inferior vena cava
deoxygenated blood in the fetal r. atrium can go into the right ventricle or go directly into the left antrium via what small hole?
foramen ovale
where is fetal blood oxygenated?
placenta
oxygenated blood coming from the placenta is delivered via?
umbilical veins
is blood in the umbilical arteries deoxygenated or oxygenated?
mixed
major events of first trimester?
fertilization, implantation, gastrulation, all major organ systems begin developing
major events of second trimester?
growth and development of organ systems
major events of third trimester?
organ systems complete development, fetus gains weight, myelination
