Lab 7

Question 1

Traditional Biotechnology example

Answer 1

selective plant and animal breeding

Question 2

Modern Biotechnology

Answer 2

manipulation of DNA in vitro

Question 3

Forensic Biology

Answer 3

scientific method use in legal and investigation

Question 4

Samples must be _________ to provide DNA for analysis

Answer 4

Nucleated

Question 5

Samples suitable for DNA analysis

Answer 5

blood, hair, cheek, bodily fluids,

Question 6

Steps to analyse DNA

Answer 6

1: DNA extraction
2: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
3: Restriction Fragment Analysis
4: Interpretation

Question 7

DNA extraction explaination and ingredients

Answer 7

chemically lysing cells to liberate DNA.
-Isotonic Medium
-Lysis Solution
-Ethanol

Question 8

Step one of DNA extration

Answer 8

Putting the sample into an isotonic solution so they do not shrink or burst

Question 9

Step two of DNA extraction

Answer 9

Adding a lysis solution to break bonds in lipid/protein membranes to get out DNA without killing it

Question 10

Step three of DNA extraction

Answer 10

Adding ethanol to make DNA precipitate because it is highly soluble in water but not in ethanol

Question 11

Four ingredients of PCR

Answer 11

DNA extract
Deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (dNTP: dATP, dCTP, dGTP, dTTP)
Primers
Taq polymerase (heat stable enzyme to elongate DNA by adding dNTPs)

Question 12

Steps to PCR

Answer 12

Denaturation of DNA
Annealing of Primers
Extension of Primers
Repetition until desired amount of DNA available

Question 13

Denaturing of DNA

Answer 13

heating of DNA to break apart into single strands

Question 14

Annealing of primers

Answer 14

sample cooled, primers attach to start dna replication

Question 15

Extension of primers

Answer 15

sample heated slightly to allow Taq polymerase to attach and add nucleotides

Question 16

Restriction Fragment analysis and steps

Answer 16

Cuts DNA regions out
-Restriction Digest
-Gel Electrophoresis

Question 17

Restriction Digest

Answer 17

restriction enzyme added to the product and solution placed in an incubator. DNA cut into specific fragments

Question 18

Gel Electrophoresis

Answer 18

Allows evaluating upon molecule size. Since DNA is negative it moves towards the positive electrode. smaller chunks will move farther than larger chunks

Question 19

Purpose of ladder in Gel Electrophoresis

Answer 19

having a known sequence of DNA and being able to compare with known size of DNA

Question 20

Does the prevalence of each allele vary by ethnic group

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

Is the pattern of restriction fragments in gel called a DNA footprint?

Answer 21

No