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BIOL 252L > Lab 7 > Flashcards

Lab 7 Flashcards

1
Q

mediastinum

A

central division of thoracic cavity

includes thymus, trachea, bronchi, esophagus, and great vessels of the heart, the heart

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2
Q

systemic circuit

A

delivers blood to the body

aorta -> arteries -> systemic capillaries -> veins -> vena cavae

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3
Q

pulmonary circuit

A

delivers blood to the lungs

pulmonary trunk -> pumonary arteries -> pulmonary capillaries -> pulmonary veins

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4
Q

sources of blood to the right atrium

A

SVC, IVC, coronary sinus

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5
Q

components of upper chamber of the heart

A

atrium and its auricle

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6
Q

blood flow through heart

A

Vena cavae, RA, mitral valve, RV, pulmonary trunk, lungs, pulmonary veins, LA, tricuspid valve, LV, aorta, body

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7
Q

coronary circulation

A

delivery of blood to the heart muscles

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8
Q

coronary circulation arteries

A

right and left coronary arteries

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9
Q

coronary circulation veins

A

cardiac veins, come together to form the coronary sinus

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10
Q

the heart wall (deep to superficial)

A

endocardium, myocardium, epicardium

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11
Q

endocardium

A

innermost layer that lines the atria and ventricles; it is in contact with the blood

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12
Q

myocardium

A

very thick layer contains cardiac muscle and connective tissue

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13
Q

epicardium

A

holds some fat, and it is within this layer that the coronary arteries and cardiac veins travel

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14
Q

layers of heart (deep to superficial)

A

endocardium, myocardium, epicardium (visceral pericardium), pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium, fibrous pericardium

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15
Q

pericardial cavity

A

fluid layer helps to ensure that the heart beats within a relatively friction-free environment

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16
Q

heart valve purpose

A

ensure the one-way flow of blood through the heart

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17
Q

atrioventricular valves

A

between the atria and the ventricles

tricuspid and mitral (bicuspid)

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18
Q

chordae tendineae

A

small cords that anchor the cusps of a AV valve to the ventricle

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19
Q

papillary muscles

A

small projections that hold the chordae tendineae in place

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20
Q

opening of AV valve

A

relaxation of papillary muscle

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21
Q

closing of AV valve

A

contraction of papillary muscle

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22
Q

semilunar valves

A

ensure that high pressure blood from the arterial system does not flow back into the ventricles as they relax

aortic valve and pulmonary valve

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23
Q

pectinate muscles

A

muscular ridges on the internal wall of the atria

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24
Q

trabeculae carneae

A

larger musclular ridges in the ventricles

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25
fossa ovalis
small depression within the interatrial septum shows the former location of the foramen ovale
26
foramen ovale
a hole in the heart wall that allows blood to move from the right atrium to the left atrium before birth
27
main branches of the aorta
the brachiocephalic artery, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery
28
branches of the brachiocephalic artery
right common carotid and right subclavian arteries
29
branches of the brachiocephalic vein
subclavian vein and left internal jugular vein symmetrical on each side
30
branches of the SVC
right and left brachiocephalic veins
31
internal carotid artery supplies blood to the
the brain and meninges
32
vertebral artery
passes through the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebrae to the brain supplies the brain and its meninges
33
external carotid artery supplies blood to the
the rest of the head, including the face, scalp, oral cavity, and pharynx
34
external jugular vein recieves blood from the
draining the structures outside of the cranial cavity
35
internal jugular vein recieves blood from
the cranial cavity
36
branches of the pulmonary trunk
right and left pulmonaary arteries
37
area of gas exchange
alveoli
38
source of abdominal vessels
abdominal aorta
39
celiac trunk
anterior projecting artery that serves the stomach, liver, and spleen
40
Superior mesenteric artery
anterior projecting artery that serves the small intestine and first part of the large intestine
41
Superior mesenteric artery
anterior projecting artery that serves the small intestine and first part of the large intestine
42
Inferior mesenteric artery
anterior projecting artery that serves the last part of the large intestine
43
Renal arteries
paired, laterally directed vessels that provide blood to the kidneys
44
Gonadal (testicular or ovarian) arteries
paired arteries supply the gonads
45
portal system
pathway through which the veins of the abdominal digestive organs drain
46
portal system pathway
abdominal artery -> capillaries of the small intestines -> hepatic (liver) portal vein -> hepatic sinusoids -> hepatic veins -> IVC
47
nasal septum
divides the nasal cavities (L and R)
48
parts of the nasal cavity
external nares, vestibules, nasal septum, hard palate, nasal conchae
49
external nares
how air enters the nasal cavity
50
nasal vestibules
the spaces, just inside the nares, that are surrounded by nasal cartilages
51
structure of the nasal septum
cartilage anteriorly, vomer and ethmoid posteriorly
52
hard palate
the floor of the nasal cavities
53
nasal conchae
bony projections to miximize the surface area of mucosa on the lateral walls
54
parts of the nasal conchae
superior, middle, and inferior
55
Paranasal sinuses
air-filled chambers surrounding the nasal cavities, propel mucus into the nasal cavity
56
parts of the paranasal sinuses
frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary sinuses
57
posterior end of the nasal cavity
where the choanae and hard palate meet/terminate
58
divisions of the pharynx
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
59
nasopharynx region
begins at the choanae and the soft palate
60
auditory (Eustachian) tube
a passageway that allows a connection to the middle ear cavity, held in ghte nasopharynx
61
laryxn location
between the trachea and the pharynx, moved by the hyoid bone
62
epiglottis
valve to cover the larynx's superior opening, prevents food and water from entering the trachea, closing controlled by the hyoid bone
63
thyroid cartilage
adam's apple, Prominent on Anterior side of larynx
64
cricoid cartilage
most inferior larynx cartilage, prominent on posterior side, completely surround the larynx
65
vocal folds
the laryngeal mucosa, positioned by a pair of triangular-shaped arytenoid cartilages
66
glottis
a hole formed between the two vocal folds, changes size to allow vibration of the vocal folds and production of sound
67
vocal ligaments
vocal cords, underlie the vocal folds
68
number of lobes of the right lung
3: superior, middle, inferior
69
numeber of lobes of the left lung
2: superior, inferior
70
outermost covering of the lungs
visceral pleura
71
pleural cavity
space that surrounds the lungs and is filled with fluid that allows the lungs to expand and recoil in a relatively friction-free environment
72
parietal pleura
the outer boundary to the pleural cavity
73
structure of the lungs, superficial to deep
parietal pleura, pleural cavity, visceral pleura, lung
74
material of the trachae
rings of hyaline cartilage
75
bronchial tree components
trachea, main (primary) bronchi, lobar (secondary) bronchi, segmental (tertiary) bronchi
76
lobar bronchi
one per lobe of lung (3 right, 2 left)
77
sites of gas exchange
respiratory bronchioles and the alveoli
78
diaphragm
responsible for lung ventilation
79
diaphragm innervation
C3-C5 spinal nerves (part of the phrenic nerve)
80
diaphragm contraction
increases the thoracic cavity volume, inspiration
81
diaphragm relaxation
decreases thoracic cavity, expiration
82
muscles responsible for forced inspiration and expiration
abdominal muscles and scalenes
83
movement of rib with inspiration/expiration
make the thorax wider - “bucket handle” motion

BIOL 252L (5 decks)

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