Lab 6: Human Osteology and Anatomy

Question 1

Osteology

Answer 1

The study of bone (to understand/reconstruct human evolutionary history, diet, forensics, and surgery)

Question 2

Fossilization

Answer 2

Process of preservation of tissue through chemical replacement.

Works well in bones and teeth bc they resist decay

Question 3

(Qualities of) Bone

Answer 3

Made of organic and inorganic material;
Strong and also able to change shape in an emergency;
Lightweight
Acts as reservoir for minerals

Question 4

4 Major Bone Types

Answer 4

Long
Flat
Short
Irregular

Question 5

Sesamoid Bones

Answer 5

Bones embedded in tendon or muscle

Question 6

Long Bones

Answer 6

1 of 4 types of bones

Long, wide, tubular shaft bones

Question 7

Flat Bones

Answer 7

1 of 4 types of bones

Broad and thin bones

Question 8

Short Bones

Answer 8

1 of 4 types of bones
Chode bones (nearly as long as they are wide)
Found in wrists

Question 9

Irregular Nones

Answer 9

1 of 4 types of bones
Bones that don’t fit into the other 3 bone categories
Exps. sphenoid, vertebrae, maxilla

Question 10

Standard Anatomical Position

Answer 10

Facing forward while standing with the feet together facing forward with the arms at the sides and the palms facing forward and the thumbs facing outward

This position enable view of the skeleton without any of the bones being crossed

Question 11

Sagittal Plane

Answer 11

Midline of the body (right to left)

Question 12

Coronal Plane

Answer 12

Midline of the body (front to back)

Question 13

Transverse Plane

Answer 13

Midline of the body (top to bottom)

Question 14

Superior

Answer 14

Describes location of structures that are closer to the head

exp. Skull superior to the trunk

Question 15

Inferior

Answer 15

Describes location of structures that are FARTHER FROM the head

exp. Trunk inferior to the ribs

Question 16

Anterior

Answer 16

Describes location of structures that are toward the front of the body

exp. sternum anterior to the spine

Question 17

Posterior

Answer 17

Describes location of structures that are toward the BACK of the body

exp. Shoulder blade posterior to the collarbone

Question 18

Medial

Answer 18

Describes location of structures that are closest to the body’s sagittal place

exp. nose medial to ears

Question 19

Lateral

Answer 19

Describes location of structures that are FARTHEST from the body’s sagittal place

exp. shoulders lateral to sternum

Question 20

Proximal

Answer 20

Describes location of structures relevant to arms and legs that are closest to the axial plane

exp. Funny bone is proximal to the hands

Question 21

Distal

Answer 21

Describes location of structures relevant to arms and legs that are closest to the axial plane

exp. elbow distal to the shoulder

Question 22

Axial Skeleton

Answer 22

Bones of the body’s midline

Question 23

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 23

Bones of the body’s limbs

Question 24

Articulation

Answer 24

A point where two bones connect

Question 25

Enamel

Answer 25

Hard, mineral material that coats the teeth

Question 26

Dentine

Answer 26

Layer of material beneath the tooth enamel that gives teeth their shock absorbing power (for chewing hard things)

Question 27

Cementum

Answer 27

Material surrounding the tooth root to anchor it into the jaw

Question 28

Deciduous Teeth

Answer 28

Baby teeth

Question 29

4 Types of teeth

Answer 29

Incisors (2 per mouth quadrant)
Canines (1 per mouth quadrant)
Premolars (2 per mouth quadrant)
Molars (3 per mouth quadrant)

Question 30

Incisors

Answer 30

1 of 4 types of teeth

2 per mouth quadrant

Question 31

Canines

Answer 31

1 of 4 types of teeth
1 per mouth quadrant
Pointy

Question 32

Premolars

Answer 32

1 of 4 types of teeth

2 per mouth quadrant

Question 33

Molars

Answer 33

1 of 4 types of teeth
3 per mouth quadrant
Flat, wide, for grinding

Question 34

Dental Formulas

Answer 34

Tell you the ratios of the different types of teeth by animal

Question 35

Occlusal

Answer 35

The chewing surface of the jaw

Question 36

Enamel Hypoplasias

Answer 36

Sections of enamel that doesn’t fully mineralize during development (d/t stress, nutrition, environmental factors, etc)