Lab 2: Genetics and the Principles of Inheritance Flashcards

1
Q

Locus

A

A place on a chromosome where a particular gene is located (like and address)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dominant Allele

A

Will always be expressed when present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

DNA’s basic building blocks (Nucleotides)

A

Made of phosphate (the structure’s backbone), sugar (deoxyribose), nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine)

Held together by hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nucleus

A

The storehouse of an organism’s genetic information (DNA); Chromosomes live in here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ABO Blood Groups

A
OO= Type O
AO= Type A
BO=Type B
AA=Type A
BB=Type B
AB=Type AB
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sex Chromosomes

A

the 1 pair of sex chromosomes (X and Y)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Homozygote

A

When a zygote carries identical alleles at a given locus

exp. RR or rr (two dominant or 2 recessive alleles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Adenine’s base pairing partner

A

Thymine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Complex Traits

A

Traits that show continuous variation

They’re expressed on a spectrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Gene

A

Basic unit of inheritance
Codes for specific proteins
Come multiple variations (called alleles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Heterozygote

A
When a zygote carries DIFFERENT alleles at a given locus
exp Rr (mix of dominant and recessive alleles)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Zygote

A

Fertilized egg cell (has 46 chromosomes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Complex Traits (the kind influenced by more than 2 genes)

A

Polygenic and Multifactorial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Guanine’s base pairing partner

A

Cytosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Law of Segregation

A

A parent’s chromosomes separate (via meiosis) so that only one allele for any given trait is present to be combined with the other parents’ alleles in the resulting zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Phenotype

A

The OBSERVABLE physical expression of an organism’s genotype

17
Q

Complex Traits: Multifactorial

A

Derived from multiple proteins that impact phenotype AAAAAND environmental factors

18
Q

Complementary base pairing

A

The pairing of the nitrogenous bases (GATC)

19
Q

Mendelian Inheritance Laws

A

Mendel’s explanation for how traits are passed down; Do not account for environmental factors:
Law of Segregation
Law of Independent Assortment

20
Q

Genotype

A

The complete set of an organism’s genes

21
Q

Recessive Allele

A

Will always be masked if a dominant allele is present

Will be expressed if present with another recessive allele

22
Q

Alleles

A

The different possible variations of a particular gene

Blood groups consist of 3 alleles: ABO

23
Q

Chromosomes

A

Structures composed of DNA and proteins that are linked together

24
Q

Complex Traits: Polygenic

A

Derived from multiple proteins that impact phenotype

25
Q

DNA

A

an organism’s genetic information

26
Q

Heredity

A

The transfer of traits from parents to offspring

27
Q

Autosomes

A

the 22 pairs non sex chromosomes

28
Q

Gametes

A

Human reproductive cells (egg and sperm); only have X or Y

29
Q

Thymine’s base pairing partner

A

Adenine

30
Q

Somatic Cells

A

The cells that have all 46 chromosomes (basically, all cells EXCEPT for sex cells, which only have X or Y chromosomes)

31
Q

Law of Independent Assortment

A

The idea that inheritance of one trait does not attest the inheritance of other traits.
Explains variation

32
Q

Cytosine’s base pairing partner

A

Guanine

33
Q

Simple Traits

A

Traits that show discontinuous variation