Lab 2: Genetics and the Principles of Inheritance Flashcards
Locus
A place on a chromosome where a particular gene is located (like and address)
Dominant Allele
Will always be expressed when present
DNA’s basic building blocks (Nucleotides)
Made of phosphate (the structure’s backbone), sugar (deoxyribose), nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine)
Held together by hydrogen bonds
Nucleus
The storehouse of an organism’s genetic information (DNA); Chromosomes live in here
ABO Blood Groups
OO= Type O AO= Type A BO=Type B AA=Type A BB=Type B AB=Type AB
Sex Chromosomes
the 1 pair of sex chromosomes (X and Y)
Homozygote
When a zygote carries identical alleles at a given locus
exp. RR or rr (two dominant or 2 recessive alleles)
Adenine’s base pairing partner
Thymine
Complex Traits
Traits that show continuous variation
They’re expressed on a spectrum
Gene
Basic unit of inheritance
Codes for specific proteins
Come multiple variations (called alleles)
Heterozygote
When a zygote carries DIFFERENT alleles at a given locus exp Rr (mix of dominant and recessive alleles)
Zygote
Fertilized egg cell (has 46 chromosomes)
Complex Traits (the kind influenced by more than 2 genes)
Polygenic and Multifactorial
Guanine’s base pairing partner
Cytosine
Law of Segregation
A parent’s chromosomes separate (via meiosis) so that only one allele for any given trait is present to be combined with the other parents’ alleles in the resulting zygote