Chapter 2: Evolution

Question 1

Mutation

Answer 1

1 of 4 causes of evolution.

A random change in a gene or chromosome that results in a new trait that may be advantageous

Question 2

Evolutionary Synthesis

Answer 2

Unified theory of evolution that combines genetics with natural selection

Question 3

Lamarkism

Answer 3

Name for Lamark’s theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics

Question 4

5 disciplines from which evolution draws

Answer 4

Geology
Paleontology
Taxonomy
Systematics
Demography (now called biological evolution)

Question 5

Species

Answer 5

A group of related organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile, viable offspring

In taxonomy, it’s like the organisms first name (even though it comes last), like the SAPIEN in homo sapien

Question 6

Allele

Answer 6

One or more alternative forms of a gene

Question 7

Genetic Drift

Answer 7

The random change in different forms of genes (alleles) frequency from one generation to the next, with greater effect in small populations

1 of 4 causes of evolution.

Question 8

Systematics

Answer 8

Based on taxonomy; study of biological relationships over time

Question 9

Blending Inheritance

Answer 9

The (false) idea that an offspring’s phenotype was a uniform blend of its parents’ phenotypes

Question 10

Genus

Answer 10

Group of related species

In taxonomy, it’s like the organisms last name (even though it comes first), like the HOMO in homo sapien

Question 11

Adaptive Radiation

Answer 11

Diversification of an ancestral group of organisms into new forms that are adapted to specific environmental niches.

Question 12

Demography

Answer 12

Study of populations, especially with regard to birth, survival, and death and the major factors that influence them.

Founded by Malthus

Question 13

Dominant

Answer 13

An allele that is expressed in a phenotype AND that masks other alleles (if another one is present)

Question 14

Chromosomes

Answer 14

strand of DNA found in the nucleus of eukaryotes that contains hundreds or thousands of genes

Question 15

Endemic

Answer 15

Describes characteristics or features that are natural to a given population or environment

Question 16

Georges Cuvier

Answer 16

Studied/proved the existence of extinction by studying dinosaur bones; one of the first to use fossil evidence

Contradicted catastrophisism and intelligent design in which organisms were so perfect that they’d have no reason to become extinct

Question 17

Descent with Modification

Answer 17

Original name for theory of evolution

Question 18

Charles Lyell

Answer 18

Established uniformitarianism

Figured out that the earth was older than people thought (by examining the supposed development and erosion of geological foundations at gradual, steady rates over time

Question 19

Taxonomy

Answer 19

Systematic classification of past and living life forms

Question 20

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Answer 20

Double stranded molecule that provides genetic code for an organism

Question 21

Evolutionary Biology

Answer 21

The study of organisms and their changes

Question 22

Paleontology

Answer 22

Study of fossils

Question 23

Carolus Linnaeus

Answer 23

“Father” of taxonomy

First to classify humans in the same group with animals (other primates). Also grouped us by race. Chode.

Considered how much variations organisms can have before they’re no longer part of the same species

Swedish; assigned Latin classifications for organisms because Latin was the language of educated people. Bougie.

Question 24

Habitat

Answer 24

The specific area of the natural environment in which an organism lives

Question 25

Geology

Answer 25

The study of the earth (especially its composition, activity, and history)

Uniformitarianism is a part of it

Question 26

Medelian Inheritance

Answer 26

Basic principles of systematic, predictable transmission of genetic material, forming the basis of genetics

Came from Gregor Mendel’s pea experiments

Question 27

Population Genetics

Answer 27

Specialty within the field of genetics which focuses on the changes in gene frequencies and the effects of those changes on adaptation and evolution

Question 28

4 causes of evolution

Answer 28

1. Natural selection
2. Mutation
3. Gene flow
4. Genetic drift

Question 29

Catastrophism

Answer 29

The false idea that cataclysmic events (not evolution) are responsible for geological changes throughout earth’s history

Question 30

Uniformitarianism

Answer 30

The idea/theory that natural processes operating today are the same as the natural processes that operated in the past

Developed by Charles Lyell

Question 31

Recessive

Answer 31

An allele that is only expressed in a phenotype if two copies of it are present, but is masked if the dominant alleles is present

Question 32

Gemmules

Answer 32

Units of inheritance supposedly accumulated in the gametes to they could be passed to offspring…Per Darwin

Question 33

Gene Flow

Answer 33

The exchange of alleles between two populations; the flow of genes in one gene pool into another gene pool

1 of 4 causes of evolution.