Lab 6 Flashcards
Where are astrocytes and oligodendrocytes located
CNS
What do astrocytes do
Maintain blood-brain barrier, repair damaged neuron development
What do oligodendrocytes do
Myelinate CNS axons, provide structural support
What type of glial cells are in PNS
Schwann cells, satellite cells
Where are Schwann cells located
surrounding all axis in PNS
What do Schwann cells do
myelinated the peripheral axons
Where are satellite cells located
surround neuron cell bodies in the ganglia
What do satellite cells do
Regulate exchange of nutrients and waste products b/w neural cell body and extracellular fluid
3 types of neurons
Sensory, motor, interneurons
4 structural types of neurons
Anaxonic, bipolar, unipolar, multipolar
3 types of sensory receptors
Interoceptors, Exteroceptors, Proprioceptors
What are interoceptors
Sensory receptor that receive stimuli from inside the body (gut, internal organs) *homeostasis, blood pressure
What are exteroceptors
Sensory receptor that receives external stimuli (touch, temp, pressure)
What are proprioceptors
Sensory receptor that receives stimuli from inside the body (position and movement)
What do muscle spindles do
monitor length of skeletal muscles
What do Golgi tendon organs do
monitor the tension in tendons during muscle contraction
What are Nociceptors
Free nerve ending for pain, interceptor or exteroceptor
Where are nociceptors located (free nerve ending for pain)
Skin, joint capsules, periosteum
What are Thermoreceptors
Free nerve endings for temperature (interoceptors and exteroceptors)
Where are thermoceptors located
Skeletal muscle, liver, skin
What are Chemoreceptors
Free nerve endings for chemical composition (interoceptors and exteroceptors)
Where are chemoreceptors located
Brain, skin
What are mechanoreceptors
Detect touch, pressure, movement on skin. Also muscle length and tension
What do Unencapsulated receptors detect (root hair plexus)
Fine touch. Exteroceptors, located epidermis, hair follicles
What do Tactile corpuscles detect
Light touch, movement. Exteroceptors, eyelids, lips, fingertips
What do Ruffini receptors detect
Deep pressure, distortion. Exteroceptors, capsule of collagen fibres of dermis
What do Lamellar corpuscles detect
Pressure and vibration. Interoceptor and extero, skin, urethra, pancreas
What do Baroreceptors detect
Pressure. Interoceptors. Blood vessels, lungs
What do Muscle spindles detect
Muscle length. Proprioceptors. Found in skeletal muscle
What do Golgi tendon organs detect
Tension. Proprioceptors. Found in tendons of skeletal muscle
What general type of muscle is the effector in somatic motor division?
Skeletal muscle
Functions of spinal meninges
Protect the spinal cord, spinal nerve roots. Protecting, physical stability, shock absorption
3 Meningeal layers (external to internal)
Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, Pia mater
What is the dura mater composed of
Dense irregular CT, covered w/ simple squamous epithelium
What is contained in epidural space
Areolar tissue, blood vessels, adipose tissue
What does white matter do
Transmits sensory & motor info to and from brain
What is white matter largely composed of
Myelinated axons
What flows thru central canal
cerebrospinal fluid
What is gray matter largely composed of
cell bodies w/ few myelinated axons
Where does the phrenic nerve deliver sensory from & motor info to
Diaphragm
What type of neuron cell bodies occupy the dorsal root ganglion
Sensory neurons
What muscles does the cervical plexus innervate
diaphragm, rhomboids, sternocleidomastoid, laryngeal muscles
Where do the spinal nerves of the brachial plexus carry nerve fibres?
Musculature, blood vessels, sensory receptors, sweat glands and arrestor pili muscles in the upper limbs
What muscles does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate
Biceps bracchi, brachialis
Sensory branch of musculocutaneous nerve
lateral surface of forearm
What nerves make up the Lateral cord
Median nerve and and musculocutaneous nerve
What makes up the Posterior cord
Axillary nerve and Radial nerve
What makes up the Medial cord
Ulnar nerve and median nerve
What muscles does the ulnar nerve innervate
Flexor carpi ulnaris, adductor pollicis
What cutaneous branch does the ulnar nerve serve
Medial surface on hand
What muscular branch does the median nerve innervate
Flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, digital flexors
What cutaneous branch does the median nerve serve
anterolateral surface of hand
What muscular branch does the axillary nerve innervate
deltoid, teres minor muscle
What cutaneous branch does the axillary nerve serve
Skin of shoulder
What muscular branch does the radial nerve innervate
Triceps bracchi, anconeus, brachioradialis
What cutaneous branch does the radial nerve serve
Radial portion of hand
What muscles does the Femoral Nerve innervate
Quadriceps femoris, sartorius, pectineus
What 2 nerves make up the Lumbar Plexus (innervate anterior and medial thigh)
Femoral nerve and Obturator nerve
What muscles does the obturator nerve innervate
Gracilis, obturator externus
What 3 nerves make up the Sacral Plexus
Superior gluteal nerve, inferior gluteal nerve, sciatic nerve
What nerve innervates the gluteus minimus, medius and tensor fasciae latae
Superior gluteal nerve
What nerve innervates the gluteus maximus
The inferior gluteal nerve
What is the longest and thickest nerve in the body
Sciatic nerve
What muscles are innervated by the sciatic nerve
Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, adductor magnus
What 2 nerves does the Sciatic nerve turn into
Tibial nerve and common fibular
What does the tibial nerve innervate
Flexors of the knee, plantar flexors
What does the common fibular nerve innervate
Biceps femoris, fibularis longus
