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EPHE141 > Lab 6 > Flashcards

Lab 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Where are astrocytes and oligodendrocytes located

A

CNS

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2
Q

What do astrocytes do

A

Maintain blood-brain barrier, repair damaged neuron development

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3
Q

What do oligodendrocytes do

A

Myelinate CNS axons, provide structural support

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4
Q

What type of glial cells are in PNS

A

Schwann cells, satellite cells

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5
Q

Where are Schwann cells located

A

surrounding all axis in PNS

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6
Q

What do Schwann cells do

A

myelinated the peripheral axons

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7
Q

Where are satellite cells located

A

surround neuron cell bodies in the ganglia

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8
Q

What do satellite cells do

A

Regulate exchange of nutrients and waste products b/w neural cell body and extracellular fluid

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9
Q

3 types of neurons

A

Sensory, motor, interneurons

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10
Q

4 structural types of neurons

A

Anaxonic, bipolar, unipolar, multipolar

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11
Q

3 types of sensory receptors

A

Interoceptors, Exteroceptors, Proprioceptors

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12
Q

What are interoceptors

A

Sensory receptor that receive stimuli from inside the body (gut, internal organs) *homeostasis, blood pressure

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13
Q

What are exteroceptors

A

Sensory receptor that receives external stimuli (touch, temp, pressure)

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14
Q

What are proprioceptors

A

Sensory receptor that receives stimuli from inside the body (position and movement)

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15
Q

What do muscle spindles do

A

monitor length of skeletal muscles

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16
Q

What do Golgi tendon organs do

A

monitor the tension in tendons during muscle contraction

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17
Q

What are Nociceptors

A

Free nerve ending for pain, interceptor or exteroceptor

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18
Q

Where are nociceptors located (free nerve ending for pain)

A

Skin, joint capsules, periosteum

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19
Q

What are Thermoreceptors

A

Free nerve endings for temperature (interoceptors and exteroceptors)

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20
Q

Where are thermoceptors located

A

Skeletal muscle, liver, skin

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21
Q

What are Chemoreceptors

A

Free nerve endings for chemical composition (interoceptors and exteroceptors)

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22
Q

Where are chemoreceptors located

A

Brain, skin

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23
Q

What are mechanoreceptors

A

Detect touch, pressure, movement on skin. Also muscle length and tension

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24
Q

What do Unencapsulated receptors detect (root hair plexus)

A

Fine touch. Exteroceptors, located epidermis, hair follicles

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25
Q

What do Tactile corpuscles detect

A

Light touch, movement. Exteroceptors, eyelids, lips, fingertips

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26
Q

What do Ruffini receptors detect

A

Deep pressure, distortion. Exteroceptors, capsule of collagen fibres of dermis

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27
Q

What do Lamellar corpuscles detect

A

Pressure and vibration. Interoceptor and extero, skin, urethra, pancreas

28
Q

What do Baroreceptors detect

A

Pressure. Interoceptors. Blood vessels, lungs

29
Q

What do Muscle spindles detect

A

Muscle length. Proprioceptors. Found in skeletal muscle

30
Q

What do Golgi tendon organs detect

A

Tension. Proprioceptors. Found in tendons of skeletal muscle

31
Q

What general type of muscle is the effector in somatic motor division?

A

Skeletal muscle

32
Q

Functions of spinal meninges

A

Protect the spinal cord, spinal nerve roots. Protecting, physical stability, shock absorption

33
Q

3 Meningeal layers (external to internal)

A

Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, Pia mater

34
Q

What is the dura mater composed of

A

Dense irregular CT, covered w/ simple squamous epithelium

35
Q

What is contained in epidural space

A

Areolar tissue, blood vessels, adipose tissue

36
Q

What does white matter do

A

Transmits sensory & motor info to and from brain

37
Q

What is white matter largely composed of

A

Myelinated axons

38
Q

What flows thru central canal

A

cerebrospinal fluid

39
Q

What is gray matter largely composed of

A

cell bodies w/ few myelinated axons

40
Q

Where does the phrenic nerve deliver sensory from & motor info to

A

Diaphragm

41
Q

What type of neuron cell bodies occupy the dorsal root ganglion

A

Sensory neurons

42
Q

What muscles does the cervical plexus innervate

A

diaphragm, rhomboids, sternocleidomastoid, laryngeal muscles

43
Q

Where do the spinal nerves of the brachial plexus carry nerve fibres?

A

Musculature, blood vessels, sensory receptors, sweat glands and arrestor pili muscles in the upper limbs

44
Q

What muscles does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate

A

Biceps bracchi, brachialis

45
Q

Sensory branch of musculocutaneous nerve

A

lateral surface of forearm

46
Q

What nerves make up the Lateral cord

A

Median nerve and and musculocutaneous nerve

47
Q

What makes up the Posterior cord

A

Axillary nerve and Radial nerve

48
Q

What makes up the Medial cord

A

Ulnar nerve and median nerve

49
Q

What muscles does the ulnar nerve innervate

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris, adductor pollicis

50
Q

What cutaneous branch does the ulnar nerve serve

A

Medial surface on hand

51
Q

What muscular branch does the median nerve innervate

A

Flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, digital flexors

52
Q

What cutaneous branch does the median nerve serve

A

anterolateral surface of hand

53
Q

What muscular branch does the axillary nerve innervate

A

deltoid, teres minor muscle

54
Q

What cutaneous branch does the axillary nerve serve

A

Skin of shoulder

55
Q

What muscular branch does the radial nerve innervate

A

Triceps bracchi, anconeus, brachioradialis

56
Q

What cutaneous branch does the radial nerve serve

A

Radial portion of hand

57
Q

What muscles does the Femoral Nerve innervate

A

Quadriceps femoris, sartorius, pectineus

58
Q

What 2 nerves make up the Lumbar Plexus (innervate anterior and medial thigh)

A

Femoral nerve and Obturator nerve

59
Q

What muscles does the obturator nerve innervate

A

Gracilis, obturator externus

60
Q

What 3 nerves make up the Sacral Plexus

A

Superior gluteal nerve, inferior gluteal nerve, sciatic nerve

61
Q

What nerve innervates the gluteus minimus, medius and tensor fasciae latae

A

Superior gluteal nerve

62
Q

What nerve innervates the gluteus maximus

A

The inferior gluteal nerve

63
Q

What is the longest and thickest nerve in the body

A

Sciatic nerve

64
Q

What muscles are innervated by the sciatic nerve

A

Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, adductor magnus

65
Q

What 2 nerves does the Sciatic nerve turn into

A

Tibial nerve and common fibular

66
Q

What does the tibial nerve innervate

A

Flexors of the knee, plantar flexors

67
Q

What does the common fibular nerve innervate

A

Biceps femoris, fibularis longus

EPHE141 (6 decks)

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