Lab 6 Flashcards
Respiratory
What is spirometry?
the measurement of lung volumes and capacities. so how much you can inspire and expire. valuate lung capacity, airflow, and overall respiratory health.
What is the Propper spirometer?
used to measure lung vol and capacity. non recording. hand held one that only measures expiration.
What is tidal volume and how is it measured?
TV= normal breath in or out. so quiet inspiration or expiration. small waves on the graphs (distance x chart), or expire into the propper spirometer 3 times and take avg. normal value is around 500mL.
What is the minute respiratory volume and how is it measured?
MRV= the amount of TV air times the respiratory rate (how many breaths per min). so get TV from graph or spirometer, and then count breaths in a min to get.
What is expiratory reserve volume and how is it measured?
ERV= excess amount of air expired after TV/normal breath. measured with propper spirometer by setting the dial to 1000 and then doing a max expiration into it. or from the graphs where the dustance is measured times chart volume.
What is the vital capacity and how is it measured?
VC= total amount of air inhaled and exhaled. so TV + ERV + IRV. can get distances from graph or from propper spirometer by doing a forceful expiration three times and finding avg.
What is the inspiratory capacity and how is it measured?
IC= the total amount of air inspired during deep inspiration. so TV + IRV. can get distances from graph or by IC=VC - ERV, which you would do if using propper spirometer bc wouldnt be able to find IRV.
What is the inspiratory reserve volume and how is it measured?
IRV= the excess amount of air inspired after TV/normal inspiration. so a max inspiration. get by measuring on graph. or if using propper spirometer by doing IRV= IC - TV. bc can get IC from ERV and VC.
What is the residual volume and how is it measured?
the volume that stays in the lungs. so cannot be expired. cannot be determined by propper spirometer so need calc. wont have to do the complicated calc on exam, but might have to do RV= TLC - VC.
What is the harvard spirometer?
big machine that measures inspiratory and expiratory breathing, gives us the spirogram graphs. also does O2 consumption and FEV1.
How do you calculate O2 consumption?
line btwn tidal volumes in 1 min, and then trace the diagonal of the lines. vertical line that meets the two (a triangle) is the O2 consumption. do rise over run x chart vol, or just measure the diagonal line x chart.
What is forced expiratory volume in 1 second?
FEV1= hoe much air is forcefully expired in 1 second. measured on spirogram by taking distance from top of expiration to 1 sec point of the curve.
What is the %VC and how is it measured?
the FEV1 as a persentage of VC. so normal range is 80% of VC, meaning that that volume that FEV1 reaches in comparison to VC. FEV1/VC x 100.
What is the normal percent of VC exhaled during first second (FEV1) for young adults and older adults?
young 80%, old 70%.
What is obstructive disease and how does it change the graphs?
means expiration is difficult bc theres blockage of air mvmt. means that RV increases while VC, ERV, and FEV1 decrease. therefore on the graph the FEV1is very short/small and VC is also decreased just not as much. so this means that VC% will always be below normal.
What is restrictive disease and how does it change the graphs?
means inspiration is difficult bc cant expand lungs. so VC, IRV, IC, TLC will decrease. so on the graph FEV1 curve decreases but not as extremely, and VC decreases with it, meaning that VC% stays the same or is above normal.
What is a digital spirometer?
computer records graph of breathing. can see all the values but not O2 consumption.
What is the ratio of respiratory rate and heart rate at rest?
on avg should be 1 breath for every 3-5 beats. and should increase proportionally with exercise.
How long dies it take for respiratory rate to recover?
btwn 10-20 min depending on intensity.
Why does respiratory rate remain elevated even though exercise has stopped>
EPOC - need to use O2 to replenish things like glycogen and C˜P, or put O2 back on Hb. so need to be inhaling more O2.
What is pulmonary ventilation?
air exchange btwn the atmosphere and the lungs. so inspiration and expiration.
What is gas exchange?
external respiration, so air exchange btwn the lungs/alveoli and blood/capillaries.
What is cellular respiration?
internal respiration, so air exchange btwn blood/caps and cells. O2 diffuses into cells and CO2 diffuses into blood.
What mms are involved during a tidal inspiration? What mms are involved during a forced inspiration?
tidal/normal - diaphragm and external intercostals. forced - those mms and sternocleidomastoids, pectoralis minors, scalenes.
