Lab 6 Flashcards
Lumen
Lumen is cavity inside GI tract where the food/liquid would be.
Difference between mucosa and epithelium
Mucosa is inner layer with innermost layer of cells called epithelium (be sure you know difference)
Submucosa
Submucosa is layer where blood vessels often are
What are the 2 layers that compose the muscularis
Circular muscle form a ring around GI tract.
Longitudinal muscle run down length of GI tract.
Serosa
Serosa is outer layer of GI tract.
What are the 2 areas within the mouth?
Outside teeth – labial vestibule.
Inside teeth – oral cavity.
Hard palate
Anterior roof of mouth; palatine bone under tissue. (2/3)
Soft palate
Posterior roof of mouth; just tissue, no bone.
Hanging off back of soft palate is uvula. (1/3)
Papillae
Bumps on tongue in a range of sizes
Some papillae have taste buds, some are for texture/friction when moving food around.
Vallate papillae
Largest size and arranged in upside down “v” on back of tongue
Fungiform papillae
Medium size, spread irregularly over surface
Filiform papillae
Smallest size, spread irregularly over surface
What are the 2 dentitions in an individual’s life?
There are two dentitions, or sets of teeth, in an individual’s lifetime:
Deciduous (or primary) teeth.
Permanent (or secondary) teeth.
What are incisors used for?
Incisors used to cut food
What are canines used for?
Canines used to tear or shred food.
What are premolars and molars used for?
Premolars used for crushing and grinding food.
Where is the parotid gland located?
Over by ear.
Glands are paired (left / right).
Ducts form passageways from glands into oral cavity.
Where is the sublingual gland located?
Under tongue
Where is the submandibular gland located?
Inside back edge of mandible
What is the beginning and end of the nasal pharynx?
Back of nasal cavity to bottom of uvula.
What is the beginning and end of the oral pharynx?
Back of oral cavity; tip of uvula to top of epiglottis.
What is the beginning and end of the laryngeal pharynx?
Above larynx; top of epiglotis to start of hyoid bone
Below the pharynx, this divides into…
Trachea – anterior cartilaginous tube leading to lungs
Esophagus – posterior muscular tube leading to stomach.
What are the 2 sphincters of the esophagus?
Upper esophageal sphincter – ring of smooth muscle around proximal start of esophagus.
Lower esophageal sphincter – ring of smooth muscle around distal end of esophagus; where it enters stomach.
What are the 3 main areas of the stomach?
Fundus – pouch at top of stomach.
Body – area below fundus (middle of stomach).
Antrum – final area of stomach before enters duodenum (1st part of small intestine).
Pyloric sphincter
Ring of smooth muscle around exit of stomach into duodenum.
What are the 2 curvatures we can find in the stomach?
Lesser curvature – upper or inner bend in stomach.
Greater curvature – lower or outer bend in stomach.
Celiac trunk branches off…
Celiac trunk branches off abdominal aorta.
What are the 2 initial branches coming off the celiac trunk?
Left gastric artery (lesser curvature at fundus of the stomach) and common hepatic artery
What are the 2 main branches that come off the the common hepatic artery?
Right gastric artery (lesser curvature at antrum - come together and join the left gastric artery) and gastrodueodenal artery (greater curvature and duodenum)
From where do the gastric veins come from and what vessel do they join to?
Left gastric vein coming from fundus end of lesser curvature of stomach.
Right gastric vein coming from antrum end of lesser curvature of stomach.
These 2 veins will join other veins to form portal vein delivering blood to liver.
What are the 3 areas of the small intestine in order?
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Structures to create large surface area to maximize absorption:
Inner surface composed of folds (circular folds).
Surface of circular folds composed of villi.
Surface of villi composed of microvilli (not shown)
Inside villi are blood capillaries and lacteal (lymphatic vessel – will see later) where substances are absorbed into.
What are the other 2 vessels that come off the abdominal aorta below the celiac trunk?
Superior mesenteric artery
Comes off higher up on abdominal aorta (just below celiac trunk).
Goes to jejunum, ileum, ascending colon, and 1st half transverse colon.
Inferior mesenteric artery
Comes off lower on abdominal aorta.
Goes to 2nd half transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum.
The common hepatic artery continues as…
Common hepatic artery continues after these branches come off and will branch into right hepatic artery to right lobe of liver and left hepatic artery to left lobe of liver.
What are the 2 ducts within the pancreas and where do both of these lead to?
Pancreatic duct (often opens in close association with common bile duct from liver) and accessory duct; both open into duodenum.
What are the 2 ducts coming out of the liver that form part of biliary duct system?
Right hepatic duct – from right lobe of liver.
Left hepatic duct – from left lobe of liver.
Join to form common hepatic duct.
The common bile duct is formed by…
Cystic duct and common hepatic duct; this enters the duodenum
–> Flows into and out of the gallbladder
Sphincter of oddi
Ring of smooth muscle around opening of common bile duct and pancreatic duct.
Controlling opening into duodenum.
Cecum
Small pouch below ileocecal valve with appendix hanging off.
Haustra are pouches that make up the structure of large intestine along its length.
Haustra
Pouches that make up the structure of large intestine along its length
Ileocecal valve
Ring of smooth muscle controlling entry from ileum into large intestine
What is the path that the large intestine follows?
- Large intestine is divided into areas:
- Comes up right side of body as ascending colon.
- Makes a turn near liver as right colic flexure.
- Crosses right to left side of body as transverse colon.
- Transverse colon makes a turn near spleen as left colic flexure.
- Comes down left side of body as descending colon.
- Near bottom forms an “S” shaped bend as sigmoid colon.
- Turns vertical after sigmoid colon to form rectum.
What are the other 2 vessels that rejoin the portal vein?
Superior mesenteric vein
Coming from jejunum, ileum, ascending colon, 1st half transverse colon.
Inferior mesenteric vein
Coming from 2nd half transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum.
