Lab 5 Flashcards
What are the 2 areas of interest in the urinary system
Kidneys and bladder
Bladder
Stores urine till discharge (voiding)
What are the 2 passageways connecting the 2 areas of the urinary system?
Ureter and urethra
Ureter
Connect kidneys to bladder
Urethra
Connect bladder to the external environment
Adrenal glands
Sit on top of kidneys (technically not urinary system, but in close proximity)
What are the 2 main layers of the kidney?
Adrenal cortex is outer layer; adrenal medulla is inner layer
Renal medulla is made up of…
Made up of alternating renal pyramids (fane shaped) and renal columns (gaps between pyramids)
The hilum is…
Area where renal blood vessels go in and out of kidney and ureter exits.
What is a nephron and what composes it?
–>Functional units of kidney
Each nephron consists of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.
What’s the branching order of the inward blood flow of the kidneys?
AA - renal artery – segmental artery – interlobar artery – arcuate artery – cortical radiate artery – afferent arteriole – glomerulus – efferent arteriole – peritubular capillaries.
Segmental arteries branch off…
Segmental arteries are branching off renal artery.
Segmental arteries divide into_____ that run through_____
Divide into interlobar arteries running through renal columns.
Interlobar arteries divide into_____that run along_____
Divide to arcuate arteries run along border between renal cortex and renal medulla.
Arcuate arteries divide into____that run out into____
Send branches called cortical radiate arteries out into renal cortex.
______branches off_____ and leads into_____(exchange area)
Afferent arterioles branch off cortical radiate artery and leads into glomerulus (exchange area)
______comes out of____ and divides into_____(another exchange area)
Efferent arteriole comes out of glomerulus and divides into peritubular capillaries (another exchange area)
What are the 2 capillary (exchange) areas in the kidneys?
Kidneys have 2 capillary areas (most organs only 1): glomerulus and peritubular capillaries.
Where is the glomerulus found and what vessel comes in and out of it?
Specialized capillary bed inside a glomerular capsule.
Arteriole going in and out.
Where are the peritubular capillaries and what vessel comes in and out of it?
Capillary bed surrounding renal tubule.
Arteriole going in and venule coming out.
What is the branching order of the outward blood flow from the kidneys?
Peritubular capillaries – cortical radiate vein – arcuate vein– interlobar vein – renal vein
______start rejoining and lead into_______
Peritubular capillaries start rejoining and lead into a cortical radiate vein.
_______out in the renal cortex lead into______running along____ and________
Cortical radiate veins out in renal cortex leads into arcuate vein running along renal cortex and renal medulla border.
______lead into______that run through renal columns and rejoin together to form____
Arcuate veins lead into interlobar veins run through renal columns and join together to form renal vein.
______leads out of the kidney into____, which leads back and re-enters the ________
Renal vein leads out of kidney into inferior vena cava.
Inferior vena cava will lead back and re-enter heart at right atrium.
The renal corpuscle is composed of
Glomerulus and glomerular capsule combined.
What is the capsular space?
Fluid-filled cavity inside glomerular capsule with glomerulus protruding into it
_______leads into glomerulus and_____leads out; whils the_____leads out of the glomerula capsule
Afferent arteriole leads into glomerulus and efferent arteriole leads out (afferent arteriole is larger radius than efferent arteriole)
Renal tubule leads out of a glomerular capsule.
1st portion of renal tubule is proximal tubule.
What is the structural order that the renal tubule follows?
Proximal tubule – descending loop of Henle – ascending loop of Henle – distal tubule – collecting duct - joins to papillae.
Distal tubules from many nephrons join to a shared collecting duct.
The juxtaglomerula apparatus is formed by…
Juxtaglomerular cells and macula densa
The juxtaglomerular cells are found in…
Wrapped around afferent arteriole.
The macula densa cells are found in…
Renal tubule wall (where ascending loop of Henle changes to become distal tubule).
The mesangial cells are found in…
In notch between where afferent arteriole enters and efferent arteriole exits glomerulus.
Tublular lumen
Inside renal tubule.
Tubular epithelial cell
Cells making up wall of renal tubule
Tight junction
Connection point between adjacent tubular epithelial cells
Interstitial fluid
Extracellular fluid surrounding renal tubule
Blood vessel of the renal tubule
Peritubular capillaries
Apical membrane
Wall between tubule lumen and inside tubular epithelial cell
Basolateral membrane
Wall between inside tubular epithelial cell and interstitial fluid
Once passed the papillae, the filtrate is expelled as…
Urine
Papillae – porous membrane at end of collecting duct (base of a renal pyramid).
Papillae
Porous membrane at end of collecting duct (base of a renal pyramid).
What’s the pathway the filtrate follows from the papillae?
Filtrate through papillae into minor calyx.
Several minor calyx join to form major calyx.
Several major calyx join to form renal pelvis.
Renal pelvis tapers to form ureter.
Ureteral orifices
Openings allowing urine to move from ureters into bladder.
Detrusor muscle
Smooth muscle layer surrounding bladder.
Internal urethral orifice
Opening from bladder into urethra.
Internal urethral sphincter
Ring of smooth muscle at base of bladder where urethra begins
External urethral orifice
Opening from urethra to external environment when voiding
External urethral sphincter
Ring of skeletal muscle surrounding urethra
