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KIN 132 > Lab 5 > Flashcards

Lab 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 areas of interest in the urinary system

A

Kidneys and bladder

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2
Q

Bladder

A

Stores urine till discharge (voiding)

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3
Q

What are the 2 passageways connecting the 2 areas of the urinary system?

A

Ureter and urethra

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4
Q

Ureter

A

Connect kidneys to bladder

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5
Q

Urethra

A

Connect bladder to the external environment

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6
Q

Adrenal glands

A

Sit on top of kidneys (technically not urinary system, but in close proximity)

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7
Q

What are the 2 main layers of the kidney?

A

Adrenal cortex is outer layer; adrenal medulla is inner layer

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8
Q

Renal medulla is made up of…

A

Made up of alternating renal pyramids (fane shaped) and renal columns (gaps between pyramids)

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9
Q

The hilum is…

A

Area where renal blood vessels go in and out of kidney and ureter exits.

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10
Q

What is a nephron and what composes it?

A

–>Functional units of kidney
Each nephron consists of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.

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11
Q

What’s the branching order of the inward blood flow of the kidneys?

A

AA - renal artery – segmental artery – interlobar artery – arcuate artery – cortical radiate artery – afferent arteriole – glomerulus – efferent arteriole – peritubular capillaries.

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12
Q

Segmental arteries branch off…

A

Segmental arteries are branching off renal artery.

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13
Q

Segmental arteries divide into_____ that run through_____

A

Divide into interlobar arteries running through renal columns.

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14
Q

Interlobar arteries divide into_____that run along_____

A

Divide to arcuate arteries run along border between renal cortex and renal medulla.

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15
Q

Arcuate arteries divide into____that run out into____

A

Send branches called cortical radiate arteries out into renal cortex.

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16
Q

______branches off_____ and leads into_____(exchange area)

A

Afferent arterioles branch off cortical radiate artery and leads into glomerulus (exchange area)

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17
Q

______comes out of____ and divides into_____(another exchange area)

A

Efferent arteriole comes out of glomerulus and divides into peritubular capillaries (another exchange area)

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18
Q

What are the 2 capillary (exchange) areas in the kidneys?

A

Kidneys have 2 capillary areas (most organs only 1): glomerulus and peritubular capillaries.

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19
Q

Where is the glomerulus found and what vessel comes in and out of it?

A

Specialized capillary bed inside a glomerular capsule.
Arteriole going in and out.

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20
Q

Where are the peritubular capillaries and what vessel comes in and out of it?

A

Capillary bed surrounding renal tubule.
Arteriole going in and venule coming out.

21
Q

What is the branching order of the outward blood flow from the kidneys?

A

Peritubular capillaries – cortical radiate vein – arcuate vein– interlobar vein – renal vein

22
Q

______start rejoining and lead into_______

A

Peritubular capillaries start rejoining and lead into a cortical radiate vein.

23
Q

_______out in the renal cortex lead into______running along____ and________

A

Cortical radiate veins out in renal cortex leads into arcuate vein running along renal cortex and renal medulla border.

24
Q

______lead into______that run through renal columns and rejoin together to form____

A

Arcuate veins lead into interlobar veins run through renal columns and join together to form renal vein.

25
Q

______leads out of the kidney into____, which leads back and re-enters the ________

A

Renal vein leads out of kidney into inferior vena cava.
Inferior vena cava will lead back and re-enter heart at right atrium.

26
Q

The renal corpuscle is composed of

A

Glomerulus and glomerular capsule combined.

27
Q

What is the capsular space?

A

Fluid-filled cavity inside glomerular capsule with glomerulus protruding into it

28
Q

_______leads into glomerulus and_____leads out; whils the_____leads out of the glomerula capsule

A

Afferent arteriole leads into glomerulus and efferent arteriole leads out (afferent arteriole is larger radius than efferent arteriole)

Renal tubule leads out of a glomerular capsule.
1st portion of renal tubule is proximal tubule.

29
Q

What is the structural order that the renal tubule follows?

A

Proximal tubule – descending loop of Henle – ascending loop of Henle – distal tubule – collecting duct - joins to papillae.

Distal tubules from many nephrons join to a shared collecting duct.

30
Q

The juxtaglomerula apparatus is formed by…

A

Juxtaglomerular cells and macula densa

31
Q

The juxtaglomerular cells are found in…

A

Wrapped around afferent arteriole.

32
Q

The macula densa cells are found in…

A

Renal tubule wall (where ascending loop of Henle changes to become distal tubule).

33
Q

The mesangial cells are found in…

A

In notch between where afferent arteriole enters and efferent arteriole exits glomerulus.

34
Q

Tublular lumen

A

Inside renal tubule.

35
Q

Tubular epithelial cell

A

Cells making up wall of renal tubule

36
Q

Tight junction

A

Connection point between adjacent tubular epithelial cells

37
Q

Interstitial fluid

A

Extracellular fluid surrounding renal tubule

38
Q

Blood vessel of the renal tubule

A

Peritubular capillaries

39
Q

Apical membrane

A

Wall between tubule lumen and inside tubular epithelial cell

40
Q

Basolateral membrane

A

Wall between inside tubular epithelial cell and interstitial fluid

41
Q

Once passed the papillae, the filtrate is expelled as…

A

Urine
Papillae – porous membrane at end of collecting duct (base of a renal pyramid).

42
Q

Papillae

A

Porous membrane at end of collecting duct (base of a renal pyramid).

43
Q

What’s the pathway the filtrate follows from the papillae?

A

Filtrate through papillae into minor calyx.
Several minor calyx join to form major calyx.
Several major calyx join to form renal pelvis.
Renal pelvis tapers to form ureter.

44
Q

Ureteral orifices

A

Openings allowing urine to move from ureters into bladder.

45
Q

Detrusor muscle

A

Smooth muscle layer surrounding bladder.

46
Q

Internal urethral orifice

A

Opening from bladder into urethra.

47
Q

Internal urethral sphincter

A

Ring of smooth muscle at base of bladder where urethra begins

48
Q

External urethral orifice

A

Opening from urethra to external environment when voiding

49
Q

External urethral sphincter

A

Ring of skeletal muscle surrounding urethra

KIN 132 (6 decks)

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