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BIO 133 Lab > Lab 5 Urinary system > Flashcards

Lab 5 Urinary system Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the structure where the renal vein artery and ureter connect to the kidney

A

Renal hilus

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2
Q

What is the ureter

A

What carries the urine from the kidneys to the bladder

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3
Q

Name the Glomerular capsule, glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, Distal convoluted tubule, renal corpuscle

A
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4
Q

Where is the cortex and the medulla of the kidney

A

Cortex is within the pyramids and medulla is the space outside of the pyramids

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5
Q

What part of the kidney is the minor and major caliculus

A

the part that collects the waste from the pyramid and brings it to the ureters

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6
Q

How does filtration separate materials

A

Separates based on size of the material in relation to the size of the pour in the blood vessel

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7
Q

What is reabsorption

A

When the body soaks backup material it needs from the nephron so useful materials are not excreted

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8
Q

What are peritubular capillaries

A

The capillaries that wrap around the nephron tubules/loops

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9
Q

What is secretion in the kidneys

A

When substances in the blood of the peritubular capillaries moves into the filtrate

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10
Q

Where is ADH produced and secreted

A

Produced by the hypothalamus and then secreted by the posterior pituitary gland

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11
Q

What does ADH do

A

It increases the reabsorption of water by the collecting ducts
HIGHER ADH=LESS URINE

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12
Q

What is osmolarity of blood

A

Osmolarity is the concentration of solutes in the blood

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13
Q

What is the release of ADH controlled by

A

the osmolarity of the blood

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14
Q

Where is aldosterone produced

A

Produced by the adrenal glands

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15
Q

What does aldosterone do

A

It tells the nephrons to reabsorb sodium and therefore draws more water back into the body but then also tells the nephrons to excrete potassium

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16
Q

What is Urochrome

A

the yellow pigment that is created from the break down of hemoglobin and is what turns the urine yellow

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17
Q

What is equation for specific gravity of urine

A

(Weight of urine at a specific volume)/(weight of water at the same volume)

18
Q

What is the normal specific gravity of urine

A

Usually 1.005 to 1.035

19
Q

is low specific gravity dilute or concentrated urine

A

Low specific gravity is dilute urine

20
Q

what is the ph of normal urine

A

6

21
Q

What is polyuria

A

When you pee excessively

22
Q

What is oliguria

A

When you produce not enough urine

23
Q

What is Glycosuria

A

When there is glucose in the urine

24
Q

What is proteinuria

A

When there is protein in the urine

25
Q

What causes proteinuria

A

HTN, heart failure and anything that increases permeability of the glomerulus filter

26
Q

What is ketonuria

A

When there are ketone bodies in the urine

27
Q

What causes Ketonuria

A

When the body starts to break down fat instead of carbohydrates

28
Q

What could cause bilirubin to end up in the urine

A

If the bile duct from the liver to the intestine is blocked by gallstones or cancer it will build up in the blood and then show up in the urine also shows in the urine when someone has hepatitis

29
Q

is Urobilinogen normal in the urine

A

Yes small amounts ar normal

30
Q

What is Urobilinogen

A

is a byproduct of bilirubin that is produced in the intestine

31
Q

What could cause a decreased amount of Urobilinogen in the urine

A

when there is a complete block of the bile duct because urobilinogen can not be formed without bile

32
Q

What would cause increased levels of urobilinogen in the urine

A

Liver disease hemolytic jaundice (when a lot or RBCs die)

33
Q

What could elevated levels of nitrates indicate in urine

A

could indicate a bacteria infection

34
Q

What does WBC in the urine indicate

A

Could indicate UTI

35
Q

What are casts in the urine

A

Cylindrical structures that are made of mainly protein

36
Q

What are the 4 types of casts

A

Hyaline cast
Cellular cast
granular cast
waxy cast

37
Q

What is a hyaline cast and is it normal to have them in urine

A

Cast of entirely protein and is normal in urine

38
Q

What is a cellular cast and is it normal in urine

A

When cells from tubules become trapped in hardening protein and are not normal n urine

39
Q

What is a granular cast

A

When the cells in a cellular cast break down and are hard to see

40
Q

What is a waxy cast in urine

A

When the cells in a cell cast are completely brown down and only a waxy shell is left

BIO 133 Lab (8 decks)

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