Lab 5 Urinary system

Question 1

Name the structure where the renal vein artery and ureter connect to the kidney

Answer 1

Renal hilus

Question 2

What is the ureter

Answer 2

What carries the urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Question 3

Name the Glomerular capsule, glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, Distal convoluted tubule, renal corpuscle

Answer 3

Question 4

Where is the cortex and the medulla of the kidney

Answer 4

Cortex is within the pyramids and medulla is the space outside of the pyramids

Question 5

What part of the kidney is the minor and major caliculus

Answer 5

the part that collects the waste from the pyramid and brings it to the ureters

Question 6

How does filtration separate materials

Answer 6

Separates based on size of the material in relation to the size of the pour in the blood vessel

Question 7

What is reabsorption

Answer 7

When the body soaks backup material it needs from the nephron so useful materials are not excreted

Question 8

What are peritubular capillaries

Answer 8

The capillaries that wrap around the nephron tubules/loops

Question 9

What is secretion in the kidneys

Answer 9

When substances in the blood of the peritubular capillaries moves into the filtrate

Question 10

Where is ADH produced and secreted

Answer 10

Produced by the hypothalamus and then secreted by the posterior pituitary gland

Question 11

What does ADH do

Answer 11

It increases the reabsorption of water by the collecting ducts
HIGHER ADH=LESS URINE

Question 12

What is osmolarity of blood

Answer 12

Osmolarity is the concentration of solutes in the blood

Question 13

What is the release of ADH controlled by

Answer 13

the osmolarity of the blood

Question 14

Where is aldosterone produced

Answer 14

Produced by the adrenal glands

Question 15

What does aldosterone do

Answer 15

It tells the nephrons to reabsorb sodium and therefore draws more water back into the body but then also tells the nephrons to excrete potassium

Question 16

What is Urochrome

Answer 16

the yellow pigment that is created from the break down of hemoglobin and is what turns the urine yellow

Question 17

What is equation for specific gravity of urine

Answer 17

(Weight of urine at a specific volume)/(weight of water at the same volume)

Question 18

What is the normal specific gravity of urine

Answer 18

Usually 1.005 to 1.035

Question 19

is low specific gravity dilute or concentrated urine

Answer 19

Low specific gravity is dilute urine

Question 20

what is the ph of normal urine

Answer 20

6

Question 21

What is polyuria

Answer 21

When you pee excessively

Question 22

What is oliguria

Answer 22

When you produce not enough urine

Question 23

What is Glycosuria

Answer 23

When there is glucose in the urine

Question 24

What is proteinuria

Answer 24

When there is protein in the urine

Question 25

What causes proteinuria

Answer 25

HTN, heart failure and anything that increases permeability of the glomerulus filter

Question 26

What is ketonuria

Answer 26

When there are ketone bodies in the urine

Question 27

What causes Ketonuria

Answer 27

When the body starts to break down fat instead of carbohydrates

Question 28

What could cause bilirubin to end up in the urine

Answer 28

If the bile duct from the liver to the intestine is blocked by gallstones or cancer it will build up in the blood and then show up in the urine also shows in the urine when someone has hepatitis

Question 29

is Urobilinogen normal in the urine

Answer 29

Yes small amounts ar normal

Question 30

What is Urobilinogen

Answer 30

is a byproduct of bilirubin that is produced in the intestine

Question 31

What could cause a decreased amount of Urobilinogen in the urine

Answer 31

when there is a complete block of the bile duct because urobilinogen can not be formed without bile

Question 32

What would cause increased levels of urobilinogen in the urine

Answer 32

Liver disease hemolytic jaundice (when a lot or RBCs die)

Question 33

What could elevated levels of nitrates indicate in urine

Answer 33

could indicate a bacteria infection

Question 34

What does WBC in the urine indicate

Answer 34

Could indicate UTI

Question 35

What are casts in the urine

Answer 35

Cylindrical structures that are made of mainly protein

Question 36

What are the 4 types of casts

Answer 36

Hyaline cast Cellular cast granular cast waxy cast

Question 37

What is a hyaline cast and is it normal to have them in urine

Answer 37

Cast of entirely protein and is normal in urine

Question 38

What is a cellular cast and is it normal in urine

Answer 38

When cells from tubules become trapped in hardening protein and are not normal n urine

Question 39

What is a granular cast

Answer 39

When the cells in a cellular cast break down and are hard to see

Question 40

What is a waxy cast in urine

Answer 40

When the cells in a cell cast are completely brown down and only a waxy shell is left