Lab 5 prep

Question 1

when anaerobic ATP is required during exercise

Answer 1

• transition to higher power output
• power output above ~90-100% VO2 max
• reduced O2 availability (altitude, swimming)

Question 2

aerobic system up to what power output

Answer 2

300W

- depends on indv

Question 3

anaerobic max power outputs

Answer 3

1500-2000W

- extremely high compared to 300W

Question 4

anaerobic energy usage

Answer 4

**max effort at 90-100% VO2 max (stores will deplete more quickly during sprint)

ATP-PCr system

• first used
• depletes quickly (~60sec)

Glycolysis

• need to turn on
• turns on quickley
• peaks 60sec
• depleted 300sec

*anaerobic steady increase as glycolysis decreases

Question 5

exercise for half aerobic half anaerobic

Answer 5

800-meter dash

Question 6

enzyme used to resynthesize PCr

Answer 6

creatine kinase

Question 7

glycolysis efficiency of pyruvate to produce atp

Answer 7

1 pyruvate = 3 atp
(gluc. from inside cell)

(*2 atp gluc. outisde the cell)

Question 8

substrate phosphorylation reactions

Answer 8

PCr + ADP + H ATP + Cr

Glycogen + 3ADP + 3Pi —> 2Lactate + H + 3ATP

*PCr uses H, while glycogen produces H

Question 9

O2 deficit

Answer 9

anaerobic energy requirement

- area above curve

Question 10

O2 deficit in trained individuals

Answer 10

aerobic system turns on faster

• less contribution of anaerobic system
• more mitochondria in muscle (more muscle)
• decreased O2 deficit
• myoglobin stores O2 in muslces
• genetic limitation

Question 11

testing power production

Answer 11

margaria power test

• start 6m away
• hit every 3rd step
• 3rd turns on timer / 9th turns off
• 2m b/w 3rd and 9th steps

P = (f x d) / t
- mass, height (distance) and time

Question 12

calculating O2 deficit

Answer 12

• predict increase energy need from O2 uptake power output relation
• measure VO2 in 10sec time domains
• complete until steady state is reached, add values

Question 13

anaerobic power testing

Answer 13

wingate

• pedal fast as possible for 30s (PCr store depleted)
• measure power initial 5s and last 5s
• should be 60% power loss

estimation

• 300W VO2max —> 800-1000W
• approx 3x

Question 14

how wingate is performed

Answer 14

• pedal as fast as possible for 5sec
• drop pan with weight (9% of body mass)
• measure PO b/w 0-5sec
• PO will decrease quickly (linear)
• measure PO b/w 25-30sec
• O2 contribution 80% VO2 max by 30sec (steeper curve in trained individuals)

Calculation peak power decline
- [(initial peak PO - final peak PO) / initial peak PO] x 100%

Question 15

aerobic and anaerobic contribution depend on

Answer 15

• intensity
• duration
• trained (O2 faster to turn on)

Question 16

single short sprint experiment (~6 seconds)

Answer 16

sprint #1

• PCr and glycolysis equal at 6sec
• (1min rest)

sprint #10

• PCr relative contribution increase (80%)
• PCr total contribution decrease (recovery needs time)
• glycolysis not reactivated
• PCr doesnt produce H ion, resp to increase acidity
• small drop in muscle ATP concentration (but for the most part maintained –> needs to be maintained)

Question 17

single long sprint experiment

Answer 17

ATP turnover rate

0-6sec
- PCr and glycolysis equal
- minor aerobic contribution
6-15sec
- PCr depletes, glycolysis main contribution (doesn’t increase)
- aerobic main contributor
15-30ec
- aerobic significant contribution (~50%)
- both PCr and glycolysis contribution declines

*constant decline in ATP turnover rate

Question 18

multiple long sprints

Answer 18

3rd sprint (4min rest in between)

0-6s

• initial aerobic contribution larger
• PCr major contributor
• glycolysis small contribution
• lower initail power production (below power production of last 15-30s of first sprint)

6-15s

• PCr and glycolysis near fully depleted
• ATP turnover significantly dropped
• aerobic contribution increased

15-30s

• Pcr completely depleted
• aerobic same contribution

Question 19

PCr resynthesis after sprint

Answer 19

PCr recovered near 100% after 2 mins

• at rest or low power outputs
• O2 required to resynthesize
• produces H ion when resynthesized
• depletes faster during multiple sprints b/c of smaller glycolysis contribution

Question 20

anaerobic glycolysis in stop and go sports

Answer 20

harder to reactivate

• needs more time to recover
• by products associated with fatigue
• increase H+ and lactate ion in muscle
• decrease muscle K+

Question 21

importance of aerobic system in anaerobic metabolism

Answer 21

• partially remains turned on for next sprint
• helps recovery (PCr synthesis and oxidation of lactate –> pyruvate)
• contributes to slower anaerobic store depletion
• helps aerobic deficit
• low PO better than full stop rest
• aerobic system remains on
• helps PCr syn and lactate oxidaiton

Question 22

training tips for multiple sprint sports

Answer 22

• increase muscle mass (more PCr store, not conc)
• increase anaerobic glycolytic capacity (20%)
• improve H+ disposal (buffering capacity -> transporter MCTs monocarboxylate)

Question 23

beta- alanine supplementation

Answer 23

limiting compound for production of muscle carnasine

• muscle buffer
• eat more, increase muscle capacity (like creatine)

Question 24

aerobic vs anaerobic ATP production

Answer 24

aerobic
- 36-39 ATP per glucose molecule

anaerobic

• 3 ATP (gluc in cell)
• 2 ATP (gluc out of cell)

Question 25

anaerobic glycolysis pathway

Answer 25

*glycogen (glycogen phosphorylase)
(G6P- F6P (phosphofructokinase)- FbiP- GA3P- 3GP)
*pyruvate
–> lactate (lactate dehydrogenase)

Question 26

aerobic glycolysis pathway

Answer 26

pruvate (pyruvate dehydrogenase)

–> acetyl CoA (into mitochondria)