Lab 5 prep Flashcards
when anaerobic ATP is required during exercise
- transition to higher power output
- power output above ~90-100% VO2 max
- reduced O2 availability (altitude, swimming)
aerobic system up to what power output
300W
- depends on indv
anaerobic max power outputs
1500-2000W
- extremely high compared to 300W
anaerobic energy usage
**max effort at 90-100% VO2 max (stores will deplete more quickly during sprint)
ATP-PCr system
- first used
- depletes quickly (~60sec)
Glycolysis
- need to turn on
- turns on quickley
- peaks 60sec
- depleted 300sec
*anaerobic steady increase as glycolysis decreases
exercise for half aerobic half anaerobic
800-meter dash
enzyme used to resynthesize PCr
creatine kinase
glycolysis efficiency of pyruvate to produce atp
1 pyruvate = 3 atp
(gluc. from inside cell)
(*2 atp gluc. outisde the cell)
substrate phosphorylation reactions
PCr + ADP + H ATP + Cr
Glycogen + 3ADP + 3Pi —> 2Lactate + H + 3ATP
*PCr uses H, while glycogen produces H
O2 deficit
anaerobic energy requirement
- area above curve
O2 deficit in trained individuals
aerobic system turns on faster
- less contribution of anaerobic system
- more mitochondria in muscle (more muscle)
- decreased O2 deficit
- myoglobin stores O2 in muslces
- genetic limitation
testing power production
margaria power test
- start 6m away
- hit every 3rd step
- 3rd turns on timer / 9th turns off
- 2m b/w 3rd and 9th steps
P = (f x d) / t
- mass, height (distance) and time
calculating O2 deficit
- predict increase energy need from O2 uptake power output relation
- measure VO2 in 10sec time domains
- complete until steady state is reached, add values
anaerobic power testing
wingate
- pedal fast as possible for 30s (PCr store depleted)
- measure power initial 5s and last 5s
- should be 60% power loss
estimation
- 300W VO2max —> 800-1000W
- approx 3x
how wingate is performed
- pedal as fast as possible for 5sec
- drop pan with weight (9% of body mass)
- measure PO b/w 0-5sec
- PO will decrease quickly (linear)
- measure PO b/w 25-30sec
- O2 contribution 80% VO2 max by 30sec (steeper curve in trained individuals)
Calculation peak power decline
- [(initial peak PO - final peak PO) / initial peak PO] x 100%
aerobic and anaerobic contribution depend on
- intensity
- duration
- trained (O2 faster to turn on)
single short sprint experiment (~6 seconds)
sprint #1
- PCr and glycolysis equal at 6sec
- (1min rest)
sprint #10
- PCr relative contribution increase (80%)
- PCr total contribution decrease (recovery needs time)
- glycolysis not reactivated
- PCr doesnt produce H ion, resp to increase acidity
- small drop in muscle ATP concentration (but for the most part maintained –> needs to be maintained)
single long sprint experiment
ATP turnover rate
0-6sec
- PCr and glycolysis equal
- minor aerobic contribution
6-15sec
- PCr depletes, glycolysis main contribution (doesn’t increase)
- aerobic main contributor
15-30ec
- aerobic significant contribution (~50%)
- both PCr and glycolysis contribution declines
*constant decline in ATP turnover rate
multiple long sprints
3rd sprint (4min rest in between)
0-6s
- initial aerobic contribution larger
- PCr major contributor
- glycolysis small contribution
- lower initail power production (below power production of last 15-30s of first sprint)
6-15s
- PCr and glycolysis near fully depleted
- ATP turnover significantly dropped
- aerobic contribution increased
15-30s
- Pcr completely depleted
- aerobic same contribution
PCr resynthesis after sprint
PCr recovered near 100% after 2 mins
- at rest or low power outputs
- O2 required to resynthesize
- produces H ion when resynthesized
- depletes faster during multiple sprints b/c of smaller glycolysis contribution
anaerobic glycolysis in stop and go sports
harder to reactivate
- needs more time to recover
- by products associated with fatigue
- increase H+ and lactate ion in muscle
- decrease muscle K+
importance of aerobic system in anaerobic metabolism
- partially remains turned on for next sprint
- helps recovery (PCr synthesis and oxidation of lactate –> pyruvate)
- contributes to slower anaerobic store depletion
- helps aerobic deficit
- low PO better than full stop rest
- aerobic system remains on
- helps PCr syn and lactate oxidaiton
training tips for multiple sprint sports
- increase muscle mass (more PCr store, not conc)
- increase anaerobic glycolytic capacity (20%)
- improve H+ disposal (buffering capacity -> transporter MCTs monocarboxylate)
beta- alanine supplementation
limiting compound for production of muscle carnasine
- muscle buffer
- eat more, increase muscle capacity (like creatine)
aerobic vs anaerobic ATP production
aerobic
- 36-39 ATP per glucose molecule
anaerobic
- 3 ATP (gluc in cell)
- 2 ATP (gluc out of cell)
anaerobic glycolysis pathway
*glycogen (glycogen phosphorylase)
(G6P- F6P (phosphofructokinase)- FbiP- GA3P- 3GP)
*pyruvate
–> lactate (lactate dehydrogenase)
aerobic glycolysis pathway
pruvate (pyruvate dehydrogenase)
–> acetyl CoA (into mitochondria)
