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HK*3600 > Lab 3 + 4 prep > Flashcards

Lab 3 + 4 prep Flashcards

1
Q

% muscle mass to total mass

A

40% avg

- large organ

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2
Q

skeletal muscle contribution to resting metabolic rate

- change with maximal exercise

A

20% resting metabolic rate

  • can increase 100-fold from rest to exercise
  • very fast at turning on
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3
Q

ATP storage?

A

no

- when made, utilized immediately

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4
Q

purpose of metabolic pathways

A

produce electron donors

- NADH and FADH2

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5
Q

aerobic metabolism

- production of ATP

A

oxidative phosphorylation

- fat and carbs

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6
Q

anaerobic metabolism

- production of atp

A

glycolysis and phosphocreatine

  • substrate phosphorylation
  • carb only
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7
Q

when is anaerobic energy required

A 
transitions
- from one power output to another
sprinting
- 90-100% VO2 max
reduced O2 availability 
- swimming and altitude
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8
Q

avg VO2 max

A

3.5L/min

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9
Q

improving anaerobic metabolism

A 
anaerobic glycolysis 
- can increase with training
PCr
- very small increase
- 10-20% by increasing muscle mitochondria (more muscle)
- artificial increase with supplements
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10
Q

humans energy efficiency

A

23-27%

- designed to keep ourselves warm

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11
Q

direct calorimetry

A

heat production

  • measure energy burned by heat produced
  • food stuff + O2 –> atp + heat + CO2
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12
Q

indirect calorimetry

A

CO2 production - spirometry

  • measures O2 used
  • food stuff + O2 –> atp + heat + CO2
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13
Q

2 types of spirometry

A

1) closed - chamber - flow through of air

2) open, measures inspired or expired **

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14
Q

how to measure metabolic rate

A

3 inputs

  • in/expired CO2
  • in/expired O2
  • work output
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15
Q

fraction inspired air

  • O2
  • CO2
  • N2
A

O2 - 20.93%
CO2 - 0%
N2 - 79.04%

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16
Q

fraction expired air

  • O2
  • CO2
A

O2 - 16.5%

CO2 - 2.5%

17
Q

respiratory exchange rate (RER)

A 
Glucose
- 6O2 --> 6CO2
- RER = 1
Fat
- 23O2 --> 16CO2
- RER = 0.7
18
Q

Resting relative VO2 (to mass)

A

3.5-4.0 mL/kg/min

19
Q

reason for RER > 1

A

1) acid produce high intensity
- buffering produces CO2

2) hyperventilation
- body exhales mores store

20
Q

RER caloric equivalent (Kcal/L O2)

- carbs and fat

A

carbs
- 5.047 kcal/L

fat
-4.686 kcal/L

21
Q

RER at:

  • low intensity
  • mid intensity
A

low intensity

- RER 0.9

22
Q

energy expenditure calculation

A

Kcal = VO2 x RER caloric equivalent x time

23
Q

relative contribution of fat and carb to energy expenditure

A

% kcal from fat = [(1-RER)/(1-0.7)] x 100

% kcal from carb = 100 - (%kcal from fat)

24
Q

energy from fat

A

food - 9.3 kcal/g
body - 7.7 kcal/g

  • body is lower because of connective tissue
25
Q

energy from carbs

A

4.1 kcal/g

26
Q

measurement of efficiency

A

(power x time) / (Ve x KJoules)

- avg 25%

27
Q

how metabolic cart calibration works

A
  • turns volts into meaningful value for gas fractions
  • limitations of VO2 measurement relates to how accurate the gas calibrations are
  • also calibrate flow-volume (3L syringe)
28
Q

valve used to measure expired air only

A

rudolf valve

29
Q

how to calibrate Monark bike power output

A

LODE bike

  • 1 point calibration - at one power output
  • multiple better
30
Q

RER accuracy

A

not ideal measure

  • O2 exhaled not just from muscle
  • other tissues as well
  • 85% muscle during exercise (blood flow) so a good indicator
31
Q

assumptions for RER use

A
  1. subject in steady state
  2. other fuels minimal contribution (protein, acetate)
  3. hyperventilation a problem at max exercise
  4. no other “non-fuel” O2 use
    - de novo synthesis of fat in adipose tissue
    - CO2 production acidic muscle (bicarbonate buffering)
32
Q

indicators VO2 max is reached

A
  1. 95% predicted max HR
  2. RER > 1.1
  3. VO2 plateau ***
  4. Ve plateau
  5. blood lactate >10mM
33
Q

predicting VO2

A

submax VO2 test

  • go to 85% max HR
  • record 2 HR values >110bpm
  • estimate VO2 max at max HR
  • estimated VO2 for specific power ouputs
34
Q

benefits and limitations to VO2 submax test

A

benefits

  • cost
  • safer

limitations

  • estimates all measures
  • assumes constant efficiency between individuals
  • only 2 HR values
  • not very accurate for athletes or active people
35
Q

VO2 max test name

A

Astrand “continuous test”

HK*3600 (5 decks)

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