Lab 5 Plasma Lipids Flashcards
What components does a lipid profile include?
- Total cholesterol
- HDL cholesterol
- LDL cholesterol
- Triglycerides
What is a lipid profile good at screening for
Cardiovascular risk screening
2 sources of cholesterol
- Endogenous - synthesized in the liver
- Exogenous - from the diet
Where is cholesterol found?
In lipoproteins (HDL, LDL, VLDL)
What is hypercholesterolaemia associated with?
Atherosclerosis = plaque build up in arteriers
Increases risk for heart disease and stroke
What are lipoproteins?
Vesicles containing lipids and proteins allowing them to be soluble in blood for transport
How are lipoproteins classified?
By density
High cholesterol, high LDL, high triglycerides, low HDL profile indicates
Atherogenic dyslipidaemia
High risk for heart disease
Low total cholesterol
Low LDL
Low triglycerides
High HDL
Lipid profile indicates
Protective against atherosclerosis
Low risk for heart disease
HDL function + properties
Transports cholesterol from tissues to the liver
“Good cholesterol”
High levels of HDL
Protective against atherosclerosis
Low levels of HDL
Associated with increased blood cholesterol levels
LDL function
Transports cholesterol from liver to tissues
“Bad cholesterol”
High levels of LDL
Associated with atherosclerosis
How to measure LDL
LDL = Total cholesterol - HDL Cholesterol - Trigs/2.2
What are apolipoproteins?
Proteins that bind to lipids to form lipoproteins
What is atherosclerosis
Thickening and hardening of arteries due to plaques build-up
How does nephrotic syndrome contribute to hyperlipidaemia ?
- In nephrotic syndrome, albumin is lost in urine (proteinuria) leading to low serum albumin (hypoalbuminaemia)
- The liver compensates by increasing protein production incl. lipoproteins that carry cholesterol + triglycerides.
- Leads to hypercholesterolaemia + increased risk of cardiovascular disease + accelerated atherosclerosis.
