Lab 1 Plasma glucose Flashcards
What is the lid colour for the blood sample used for glucose testing?
Grey-top
What are the two chemicals contained in the Grey-top tube?
- Sodium fluoride
- Potassium-oxalate
What is the function of sodium fluoride in a Grey-top blood sample?
Inhibits enzyme involved in glycolysis cycle
What is the role of potassium-oxalate in a Grey-top blood sample?
Weak anti-coagulant
What method is used to measure glucose?
GOD-PAP method
What does GOD-PAP stand for?
Glucose oxidase – peroxidase
What is the process involved in the GOD-PAP method?
Glucose is oxidized by GOD to gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide
What does peroxidase react with in the GOD-PAP method?
H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) to form red quinoneimine which is measured spectrometrically at 500nm
What does the intensity of the color produced in the GOD-PAP method indicate?
Directly proportional to the concentration of glucose in the sample
What are the types of blood tests for measuring diabetes mellitus?
- Random glucose
- Fasting glucose
- Oral glucose tolerance test
- HbA1c
What are the three types of diabetes disease status?
- Diabetes
- Pre-diabetes
- Gestational diabetes
What characterizes pre-diabetes?
Blood glucose increased but not within diagnostic criteria of DM
What is gestational diabetes?
Any degree of glucose intolerance seen during pregnancy
What is the screening test for gestational diabetes mellitus?
Oral glucose tolerance test
What does the oral glucose tolerance test evaluate?
How the body processes glucose over time
What does a urine dipstick test include?
- Glucose
- Ketones
- Protein levels
What are the acute complications of diabetes mellitus?
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma
- Hyperglycaemia
What is diabetic ketoacidosis more frequent in?
T1DM (Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus)
What causes diabetic ketoacidosis?
Increased production of ketone bodies due to switch in fat metabolism
What characterizes hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma (HONC)?
- Hyperglycaemia
- Elevated serum osmolality
- Absence of ketosis or acidosis
What prevents the switch to fat metabolism in HONC?
Sufficient insulin circulation
What is a common occurrence in newly diagnosed diabetics?
Hypoglycaemia
What can symptoms of hypoglycaemia range from?
Mild to severe (neurological impairments)
