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Head and Neck Review by Minnie > Lab 5 - Palate, Oral Cavity, Larynx > Flashcards

Lab 5 - Palate, Oral Cavity, Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

Which muscle is labeled by #1?

What is its action?

A

Aryepiglottic muscle

Pulls the epiglottis posteriorly to help close the larynx - opposes the thyroepiglottic muscle

(Restricts the opening like a purse string, but doesn’t close it completely)

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2
Q

Which structure is labeled by #5?

What is its action?

A

Cricothyroid muscle

Phonation - Tilts the thyroid forward to tense the vocal cords -> higher pitches

Innervated by the external laryngeal nerve

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3
Q

Which structure is labeled by #7?

A

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

  • Inferior to the lingual and glossopharyngeal nerves
    • Lingual from CN V3, labeled #2 here
    • Glossopharyngeal CN IX, labled #4 here
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4
Q

The only pre-ganglionic sympathetic that joins a branch of the trigeminal nerve joins the ___________ nerve and then synapses in the ___________ ganglion

A

The only pre-ganglionic sympathetic that joins a branch of the trigeminal nerve joins the mandibular** nerve and then synapses in the **submandibular ganglion

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5
Q

Which structure is labeled by #7?

A

Cricothyroid ligament

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6
Q

Which structure is labeled by #7?

A

Cricoid cartilage

(Also #9)

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7
Q

Which nerve and artery are labeled by #1?

A

Greater palatine nerve and artery

(Extends anteriorly, vs. lesser palatine which extend posteriorly)

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8
Q

Which muscle abducts the vocal cords to open the airway?

A

5 - posterior cricoarytenoid

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9
Q

Which muscle is labeled by #2?

What is its function?

A

Genioglossus

  • Protrude the tonuge
    • ​The only muscle that protrudes the tongue!
  • Deviate the tongue to the opposite side
  • Depress the tongue
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10
Q

Which structure is labeled by #7?

A

Internal carotid artery

(Also #10)

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11
Q

Which structure is labeled by #3?

A

Geniohyoid

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12
Q

Which structure is labeled by #13?

A

Epiglottis

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13
Q

What structures serve as the posterior boundary of the oral cavity?

A

Sulcus terminalis (#4)

Palatoglossal arches (#5)

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14
Q

Which structure is labeled by #4?

A

Levator palati

(aka levator palatini)

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15
Q

Which structure is labeled by #8?

A

Apex of the tongue

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16
Q

Which structure is labeled by #9?

A

Cricoid cartilage

(Also #7)

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17
Q

Which structure is labeled by #6?

A

Eustachian tube

(Also #9)

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18
Q

Which structure is labeled by #3?

A

Lateral cricoarytenoid muscles

(Adduct/close the vocal cords)

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19
Q

Which structure is labeled by #3?

A

Styloglossus muscle

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20
Q

Which structure is labeled by #5?

What is its action?

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

Abducts vocal cords -> opens airway

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21
Q

Which muscle is labeled by #3?

What is its function?

A

Hyoglossus

Retract the tongue

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22
Q

Which structure is labeled by #6?

What is its action?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

  • Motor innervation to laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid muscle
  • Visceral sensory below vocal cords

(Internal laryngeal nerve is visceral sensory above vocal cords, external laryngeal is motor to the cricothyroid muscle)

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23
Q

Which structures are labeled by #6?

A

Deep lingual artery and vein

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24
Q

Which fold is labeled by #2?

A

Vestibular fold (aka false vocal fold)

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25
Q

Which structure is labeled by #4?

What is its action?

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid

Abducts (opens) the vocal cords

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26
Q

Which structure is labeled by #10?

A

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor

(Can tell because it attaches to the thyroid and cricothyroid cartilages)

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27
Q

Which muscle is labeled by #3?

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid

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28
Q

Which structure is labeled by #8?

(Bone and part)

A

Inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage

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29
Q

Which structure is labeled by #2?

What is its function?

A

Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle

Adducts vocal cords -> shortening and relaxation -> higher pitch

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30
Q

Which structure is labeled by #8?

A

Lingual artery

Branch of external carotid

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31
Q

Which structure is labeled by #4?

What does it innervate?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Visceral sensory to the larynx below the vocal cords

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32
Q

Which structure is labeled by #4?

A

Hyoid bone

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33
Q

Which structure is labeled by #5?

A

Pterygoid process

(Medial and lateral pterygoid plates)

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34
Q

Which space is labeled by #5?

A

Ventricle

The space between the vestibular/false vocal fold (#2) and the vocal/true vocal fold (#3)

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35
Q

Which structure is labeled by #6?

A

Cricoid cartilage

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36
Q

Which structure is labeled by #3?

A

Lingual nerve

(Branch of mandibular nerve, CN V3)

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37
Q

Which fold is labeled by #1?

A

Aryepiglottic fold

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38
Q

Which structure is labeled by #9?

A

Submandibular duct

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39
Q

Which structure is labeled by #1?

A

Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

The attachment points for the lateral and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles

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40
Q

Which structure is labeled by #1?

(Bone and part)

A

Lesser horn of the hyoid bone

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41
Q

Which structure is labeled by #2?

(Bone and part)

A

Lesser horn of the hyoid

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42
Q

Which structure is labeled by #5?

A

Uvula

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43
Q

Which structure is labeled by #8?

A

Middle thyroid vein

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44
Q

Which structure is labeled by #7?

A

Anterior lingual gland

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45
Q

Which structure is labeled by #4?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

  • As far as the tonuge goes, CN IX will provide taste to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
  • Deep and lateral to the styloglossus muscle (#3 in this image)
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46
Q

Which structure is labeled by #8?

A

Palatopharyngeal arch

Overlies the palatopharyngeal muscle

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47
Q

Which structure is labeled by #4?

A

Cricoid cartilage

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48
Q

Which structure is labeled by #3?

What is its action?

A

Transverse arytenoid

Abducts (closes) the vocal cords - not active during whisper

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49
Q

Which structure is labeled by #7?

A

Palatopharyngeal fold ovlerlying the palatopharyngeal muscle

Note - the palatoglossal pharyngeal fold/musle is anterior (#1)

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50
Q

Which structure is labeled by #5?

A

Lingual nerve

Spirals under the submandibular duct

The hypoglossal nerve enters the tongue deeper and more posteriorly to innervate the tongue muscles

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51
Q

Which structure is labeled by #1?

What is its function?

A

Thyroarytenoid muscle

Shortens and adducts the vocal folds

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52
Q

Which structure is labeled by #2?

A

Thyrohyoid muscle

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53
Q

Which structure is labeled by #5?

(Cartilage and part)

A

Laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage

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54
Q

Which structure is labeled by #6?

A

Palatine tonsil

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55
Q

Which structure is labeled by #9?

A

Thyroid cartilage

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56
Q

Which structure is labeled by #12?

A

Piriform recess

(Food might get stuck here - it is an artifact of the convexity of the cricoid cartilage)

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57
Q

Which structure is labeled by #11?

A

Superior laryngeal artery and vein

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58
Q

Which structure is labeled by #6?

A

Thyroarytenoid muscle

(Pulls the thyroid cartilage back and up to put slack in the vocal cords and lower the pitch of the voice)

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59
Q

Which structure is labeled by #1?

A

Hyoid bone

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60
Q

Which structure is labeled by #10?

A

Hyoid bone

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61
Q

Which structure is labeled by #4?

(Cartilage and part)

A

Superior horn of thyroid cartilage

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62
Q

Which structure is labeled by #6?

Which nerves come together here?

A

Submandibular ganglion

  • Lingual nerve - branch of CN V3, labeled #2 here
  • Corda tympani - branch of CN VII
    • Taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue, parasympathetics
  • Sympathetic branches
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63
Q

What goes through the foramen labeled by #9?

A

Internal laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal artery, and vein

The internal laryngeal nerve is the branch of the superior laryngeal nerve that provides visceral sensory information to the larynx above the vocal cords

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64
Q

Which structure is labeled by #9?

What does it innervate?

A

Superior laryngeal nerve (external branch)

Motor to the cricothyroid muscle -> higher pitches in phonation

65
Q

Which structure is labeled by #9?

A

Epiglottis

66
Q

Which structure is labeled by #5?

A

Cricoid cartilage

The only cartilage ring that completely encircles the trachea

67
Q

Which structure is labeled by #1?

A

Epiglottis

68
Q

Which structure is labeled by #2?

A

Mylohyoid muscle

69
Q

Which structure is labeled by #2?

A

Lingual nerve (from CN V3)

  • Recall that parasympathetic and special sensory neurons from CN VII (via corda tympani), and sympathetics, follow the lingual nerve to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
  • Note that the lingual nerve is lateral and superficial to the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX, labeled #4 here)
70
Q

Which structure is labeled by #5?

A

Vocal fold

(True vocal fold)

71
Q

Which structure is labeled by #7?

A

Superior laryngeal nerve, internal brance

Has already entered throught the thyrhyoid membrane

72
Q

Which structure is labeled by #3?

What is its function?

A

Cricothyroid muscle

Lengthens and alters tension in vocal cords -> deeper pitches

Note: the only intrinsic laryngeal muscle innervated by the external laryngeal nerve (from superior laryngeal nerve)

All others are innervated by the reccurent (inferior) laryngeal nerve

73
Q

Which structure is labeled by #10?

A

Opening of the eustachian tube

74
Q

Which structure is labeled by #4?

A

Cricothyroid membrane

(Site of the high emergency airway)

75
Q

Which space transmits the nasopalatine nerve into the oral cavity?

A

Incisive foramen

76
Q

Which structure is labeled by #11?

A

Genioglossus muscle

(The only one that protrudes the tongue!)

77
Q

Which structure is labeled by #5?

A

Lingual artery

Branch of external carotid

78
Q

Which structure is labeled by #8?

A

Palatine tonsil

(The “classic” tonsil)

79
Q

Which structure is labeled by #3?

(The opening, difficult to see)

A

Sublingual papilla

Opening of the duct of the submandibular salivary gland

80
Q

Which structure is labeled by #11?

A

Aryepiglottic fold

81
Q

Which fold is labeled by #6?

A

Epiglottis

82
Q

Which structure is labeled by #4?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve

(Branch of mandibular nerve, CN V3)

83
Q

Which structure is labeled by #11?

A

Epiglottic cartilage

84
Q

Which structure is labeled by #12?

A

Greater horn of the hyoid bone

85
Q

Which structure is labeled by #2?

A

Oblique arytenoid

86
Q

Which structure is labeled by #4?

A

Submandibular duct

Carries secretions from the submandibular salivary gland to the sublingual papilla, where they are excreted

87
Q

Which structure is labeled by #8?

A

Corniculate cartilage

88
Q

Which structures are labeled by #1?

Do they have tastebuds?

A

Filiform papillae

  • Keratinized layer of tongue epithelium, give the tonuge its texture
  • No tastebuds
89
Q

Which structure is labeled by #9?

A

Eustachian tube

(Also #6)

90
Q

Which structure is labeled by #10?

A

Hyoid bone

91
Q

Which structure is labeled by #1?

A

Superior meatus

Drains the posterior ethmoid air cells

92
Q

Which structure is labeled by #2?

Does it have taste buds?

A

Vallate papilla

Yes! Has tastebuds

93
Q

Which structure is labeled by #9?

A

Lingual vein

Drains into internal jugular

94
Q

Which structure is labeled by #3?

A

Tensor palati

(Aka tensor palatini)

95
Q

Which artery and nerve are labeled by #4?

A

Lesser palatine nerve and artery

(Extend posteriorly, vs. greater palatine nerve and artery which extend anteriorly)

96
Q

Which muscle is labeled by #1?

What is its function?

A

Styloglossus

Retracts the tongue

97
Q

Which structure is labeled by #1?

A

Geniohyoid muscle

Inferior to genioglossus (#11)

98
Q

Which structure is labeled by #2?

A

Thyrohyoid ligament

(pretty sure ligament and membrane are kind of interchangeable? maybe the ligament is midline?)

99
Q

Which structure is labeled by #3?

A

Transverse and oblique cricoarytenoid muscles

(Adduct/close the vocal cords)

100
Q

Which structure is labeled by #5?

(Cartilage and part)

A

Inferior horn of thyroid cartilage

101
Q

Which structure is labeled by #7?

A

Vocalis muscle

(The upper part of the thyroarytenoid)

102
Q

Which structure is labeled by #1?

A

Palatoglossal fold - overlies the palatoglossus muscles

Note - the palatopharyngeal fold and msucle (#7) is posterior to the palatoglossal fold/muscle

103
Q

Which structure is labeled by #3?

A

Vestibular fold

(aka false vocal fold)

104
Q

Which structure is labled by #5?

A

Cricothyroid muscle

(Pulls the thyroid cartilage down and forward to stretch the vocal cords and raise the pitch of the voice)

105
Q

Which structure is labeled by #6?

106
Q

Which structure is labeled by #5?

A

Palatoglossal arch

(Overlies teh palatoglossal muscle)

107
Q

Which structure is labeled by #3?

A

Thyrohyoid membrane

108
Q

Which structure is labeled by #10?

A

Sublingual duct

109
Q

Which structure is labeled by #8?

A

Internal jugular vein

110
Q

Which structure is labeled by #4?

A

Thyrohyoid ligament

111
Q

List the 3 kinds of papillae of the tongue

Which have tastebuds?

A
  • Filiform (#1)
    • No tastebuds
    • Part of the keratinized epithelium of the tongue
  • Vallate (#2)
    • Has tastebuds
    • Largest
  • Fungiform (#3)
    • Has tastebuds
    • Mushroom-shaped
112
Q

What nerve enters the larynx through the foramen labeled by #11?

What does it innervate?

A

Internal laryngeal nerve

Visceral sensory to the larynx above the vocal cords

(Branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, which is a branch of the vagus nerve CN X)

113
Q

Which structure is labeled by #2?

(Bone and part)

A

Greater horn of the hyoid bone

114
Q

Which structure is labeled by #6?

A

Stylohyoid muscle

115
Q

Which structure is labeled by #10?

A

Internal carotid artery

(Also #7)

116
Q

Which structure is labeled by #2?

A

Sublingual fold

(aka Plica sublingualis)

117
Q

Which structure is labeled by #11?

A

Pharyngeal tonsil

(aka adenoid)

118
Q

Which structure is labeled by #8?

A

Cricoid cartilage

119
Q

Which structure is labeled by #6?

A

Superior larygneal vein and artery

120
Q

Which muscle is labeled by #4?

A

Cricothyroid

(Hard to tell bc its cut, but remember that it is superficial to the posterior and lateral cricoarytenoids)

121
Q

Which structure is labeled by #2?

A

Genioglossus

Note - the only muscle that protrudes the tongue!

122
Q

Which structure is labeled by #5?

What is its action?

A

Cricothyroid

Pulls the thyroid cartilage forward and down - stretches the vocal cords -> higher pitch

123
Q

Which structure is labeled by #2?

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

(Abducts vocal cords)

124
Q

Which structure is labeled by #7?

A

Arytenoid cartilage

125
Q

Which structure is labeled by #10?

A

Lingual tonsil

126
Q

Which structure is labeled by #7?

A

Hyoglossus muscle

127
Q

Which structure is labeled by #1?

A

Frenulum of the tongue

128
Q

Which structure is labeled by #6?

A

Epiglottis

129
Q

Which structure is labeled by #8?

A

Incisive foramen

(Transmits the nasopalatine nerve and artery into the oral cavity)

130
Q

Which structure is labeled by #1?

A

Ary-epiglottic muscle

131
Q

Which structure is labeled by #4?

A

Sulcus terminalis

This is the posterior boundary of the oral cavity

(Aka terminal suclcus)

132
Q

Which structure is labeled by #3?

A

Hyoid bone

133
Q

Which structure is labeled by #2?

A

Greater palatine foramen

Transmits the greater palatine nerve and artery

134
Q

Which muscle is labeled by #5?

A

Lateral cricoarytenoid

135
Q

Which structure is labeled by #3?

A

Thyroid cartilage

136
Q

Which structure is labeled by #10?

A

Larygopharynx

(Becomes the esophagus inferior to the cricoid cartilage)

137
Q

Which structure is labeled by #3?

A

Lesser palatine foramen

Transmits the lesser palatine nerve and artery

138
Q

Which structure is labeled by #5?

A

Stylomandibular ligament

139
Q

Which structure is labeled by #6?

A

Cricothyroid ligament

(Median, the membrane surrounds)

140
Q

Which muscle is labeled by #6?

A

Thyroarytenoid

141
Q

Which structure is labeled by #4?

A

Thyroid cartilage

142
Q

Which muscle is labeled by #7?

What is its action?

A

Thyroepiglottic muscle

Pulls the epiglottis anteriorly to help open the larynx

(Opposes the aryepiglottic muscle)

143
Q

Which muscle is labeled by #2?

A

Transverse arytenoid

144
Q

Which structure is labeled by #7?

A

Inferior thyroid artery

145
Q

Which structure is labeled by #8?

A

Tracheal cartilage

146
Q

Which structure is labeled by #3?

Does it have taste buds?

A

Fungiform papilla

Yes! Has tastebuds

147
Q

Which structure is labeled by #12?

A

Superior laryngeal nerve, internal branch

148
Q

Which structure is labeled by #9?

A

Nasopalatine nerve

149
Q

Which structure is labeled by #8?

A

Submandibular gland

150
Q

Which fold is labeled by #3?

A

Vocal fold (aka true vocal fold)

151
Q

Which structure is labeled by #10?

(Cartilage and part)

A

Superior horn of thyroid cartilage

152
Q

Which structure is labeled by #7?

A

Foramen cecum

Remnant of the thyroglossal duct, from which the thyroid gland formed

153
Q

Which structure is labeled by #7?

A

Median palatine suture

154
Q

Which structure is labeled by #1?

A

Thyrohyoid membrane

155
Q

Which structure is labeled by #2?

A

Pharyngeal tonsil

(Aka the adenoid)

156
Q
A

C - mylohyoid

157
Q

Which space indicated by the x has been opened up?

A

Laryngopharynx

  • Laryngopharynx is just above and continuous with the esophagus
  • It surrounds the back of the larynx
158
Q

What muscle is under the mucousa indicated by X?

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid

Head and Neck Review by Minnie (8 decks)

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