Lab 1 - Superficial Face and Skull Flashcards by Madeleine (she/her) Horvath | Brainscape

Q

Which structure is labeled by #8?

A

Anterior nasal spine

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #6?

A

Frontal process of the zygomatic bone

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #9?

A

Mastoid process of the temporal bone

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Q

D

Muscle:
Function:

A

D

Muscle: Platysma
Function: Lowers the corners of the mouth
- -> Express sadness, surprise, horror

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Q

Where does CN VIII exit the skull?

A

Internal acoustic meatus of the temporal bone

(CN VIII = Vestibulocochlear Nerve, hearing and balance)

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #14?

A

Stylomastoid foramen

(Temporal)

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Q

Where does CN I exit the skull?

A

Cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

(CN I = Olfactory nerve, smell)

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Q

Which structure is labeled by G?

Which cranial nerves exit the skull here? (3)

A

Jugular Canal - between the temporal bone and occipital bone

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
Vagus Nerve (CN X)
Spinal Accessory (CN XI)

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #15?

A

Styloid process of the temporal bone

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Q

Which structures are labeled by 15 (bone), 15a, 15b, and 15c?

A

15 - Sphenoid bone

15a - Lesser wing of the sphenoid

15b - Greater wing of the sphenoid

15c - Hypophyseal fossa (sphenoid)

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #3?

A

Granular foveolae

(for arachnoid granulations)

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #8?

A

Foramen lacerum

(Sphenoid)

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #7?

A

Palatine bone

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #20?

A

External occipital protuberance

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #13?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

(Temporal)

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Q

Which muscle is labeled by #1?

What is its function?

A

Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis

Raises eyebrows and wrinkles forehead

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Q

K

Muscle:
Function:

A

K

Muscle: Levator labii superioris
Function: Raises the upper lip
- Helps with opening the mouth

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Q

What vascular structure is the x pointing to?

A

Cavernous sinus

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Q

Which muscle is labeled by #7?

What is its function?

A

Orbicularis oris

Compress and protude lips (helps keep food in mouth)

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Q

Which muscle is labeled by #10?

What is its function?

A

Depressor labii inferioris

Depresses lower lip

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #2?

A

Transverse palatine suture

(Between maxilla and palatine)

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Q

Which muscle is labeled by #13?

What is its function?

A

Platysma

Tenses skin of the neck, depresses mandible

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #19?

A

Supreme nuchal line

(Occipital)

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #16?

A

Superior petrosal sinus

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Q

Which artery is labeled by #2?

A

Internal carotid artery

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #3?

A

Anterior intercavernous sinus

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #6?

A

Ala of the vomer

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Q

Which vessel is labeled by #4?

A

Occipital artery

(Mastoid branch)

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #14?

A

Zygomatic arch

(Temporal process of the zygomatic
+
Zygomatic process of the temportal)

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Q

G

Muscle:
Function:

A

A

Muscle: Mentalis
Function: Stabilizes the lower lip
- -> Pouting

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Q

Which structure is labeled by H?

Which cranial nerve exits the skull here?

A

Hypoglossal Canal of the Occipital bone

Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #7?

A

Alveolar process

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #7?

A

Inferior nasal concha

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #2?

A

Frontal crest

(Frontal bone)

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #5?

A

Anterior clinoid process

(Sphenoid)

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #16?

A

Crista galli

(Ethmoid bone)

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #1?

A

Cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #32?

A

Zygomatic process of the Maxilla

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #3?

A

Neck of the condylar process

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #9?

A

Mental foramen

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #10?

A

Confluence of the sinuses

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #4?

A

Groove for superior sagittal sinus

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Q

F

Muscle:
Function:

A

F

Muscle: Depressor labii inferioris
Function: Depress the lower lip

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Q

Which nerve is labeled by #4?

A

Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3)

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Q

Which bone is labeled by #2?

A

Occiptal bone

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Q

Which vessel is labeled by #7?

A

Middle meningeal artery (frontal branch)

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Q

Which structures are labeled by #7, #7a, and #7b?

A

7 = Pterygoid process

7a = Medial plate

7b = Lateral plate

(Sphenoid bone)

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Q

Which muscle is labeled by #6?

What is its function?

A

Zygomaticus minor

Elevates the upper lip (for smiling)

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #5?

A

Inferior nuchal line

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #5?

A

Mylohyoid line

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #1?

A

Coronoid process

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #11?

A

Angle of the mandible

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #3?

A

Supreme nuchal line

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #12?

A

Jugular foramen

(Temporal)

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Q

A

Muscle:
Function:

A

A

Muscle: Anterior belly of occipitofrontalis
Function: Raise the eyebrows, wrinkle the forehead

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #9?

A

Dorsum sellae

(Sphenoid)

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #4?

A

Ethmoid (perpendicular plate)

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #3?

A

Posterior cranial fossa

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #10?

A

External occipital protuberance

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Q

Which vessel is labeled by #5?

A

Middle meningeal artery

(Parietal branch)

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Q

Which bone is labeled by #25?

A

Frontal bone

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Q

Which structure is labeled by E?

Which cranial nerves exit the skull here?

A

Foramen ovale of the sphenoid bone

Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V³)

Note - this is the only motor branch of CN V (controls the muscles of mastication)

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Q

Where does CN VI exit the skull?

A

Superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone

(CN VI = Abducens, motor to the lateral rectus)

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #3?

A

Cribiform plate

(Ethmoid bone)

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #12?

A

Sphenoid bone (greater wing)

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Q

Where does CN XI exit the skull?

A

Jugular canal, in between the temporal and occipital bones

(CN XI = Spinal accessory nerve, motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius)

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Q

Where does CN V exit the skull?

A

V¹ - Superior orbital fissure
- CN V¹ = ophthalmic division of trigeminal, general sensory to the orbit
V² - Foramen rotundum
- CN V² = maxillary divison of the trigeminal nerve, general sensory to the midface
V³ - Foramen ovale
- CN V³ = mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve, general sensory to the lower face, motor to muscles of mastication

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #12?

A

Squamous part of the temporal bone

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Q

Which muscle is labeled by #5?

What is its function?

A

Levator labii superioris

Elevates and everts the upper lip

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #7?

A

Infraorbital foramen

(Maxilla)

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #23?

A

Mastoid process

(Temporal)

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Q

Which structure is labeled by A?

Which cranial nerve exits the skull here?

A

Cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

Olfactory nerve (CN I)

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #4?

A

Lacrimal bone

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #24?

A

Coronal suture

(Temporal bone + Parietal bone)

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Q

Which muscle is labeled by #9?

What is its function?

A

Risorius

Pulls the angle of the mouth laterally

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #6?

A

Middle cranial fossa

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #7?

A

Foramen spinosum

(Sphenoid)

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Q

Where does CN II exit the skull?

A

Optic canal of the sphenoid bone

(CN II = Optic nerve, sight)

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #11?

A

Mental foramen

Transmits: inferior alveolar nerve (branch of mental nerve), mental a. and mental v.

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #5?

A

Mandibular foramen

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #3?

A

Gabella

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #24?

A

Occipital condyle

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #1?

A

Frontal sinus

(Frontal bone)

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Q

Which bone is labeled by #18?

A

Temporal bone

(Squamous part)

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Q

Which muscle is labeled by #11?

What is its function?

A

Mentalis

Elevates and protrudes the lower lip

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #3?

A

Lingula

(Mandibular foramen is the arrow below)

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #1?

A

Optic chiasm

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Q

Which structure is labeled by #6?

A

Occipital condyle

Q

Which structure is labeled by #11?

A

Petrous part of the temporal bone

Q

Which structure is labeled by #10?

A

Infraorbital foramen

Q

Which structure is labeled by #13?

A

Jugular foramen

(Temporal)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #16?

A

External acoustic meatus

(Temporal bone)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #3?

A

Mental foramen

Q

Which structure is labeled by F?

Which cranial nerves exit the skull here? (2)

A

Internal Acoustic Meatus of the temporal bone

Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII)

Q

Which bone is labeled by #9?

A

Maxilla

Q

Which muscle is labeled by #4?

What is its function?

A

Nasalis

Transverse part compresses the nostrils

Alar part dilates the muscles

Q

Which structure is labeled by #31?

A

Choana

Q

Which structure is labeled by #2?

A

Head of the condylar process

Q

Which structure is labeled by #8?

A

Palatovaginal (pharyngeal) canal

Contains pharyngeal n. branch of maxillary n. and pharyngeal a. branch of maxillary a.

Q

Which structure is labeled by #4?

A

Optic canal

Q

Which structure is labeled by #3?

A

Palatine bone

Q

Which structure is labeled by #6?

A

Alveoli (tooth sockets)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #8?

A

Inferior border of the mandible

Q

Which structure is labeled by #4?

A

Greater palatine foramen

Q

Which structure is labeled by #13?

A

Great cerebral vein

Q

Which structure is labeled by #12?

A

Ramus of the mandible

Q

Which structure is labeled by #18?

A

Sphenoparietal sinus

Q

Which structure is labeled by #4?

A

Mandibular foramen

(Lingula is the arrow above)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #11?

A

Piriform aperture

(aka anterior nasal aperture)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #20?

A

Lamboid suture

(Between parietal and occipital)

Q

A facial laceration affecting which of the following muscles would impair the ability to smile on the affected side?

Mentalis
Orbicularis oris
Masseter
Buccinator
Zygomaticus major

A

Zygomaticus major

Q

Which structure is labeled by #18?

A

Superior nuchal line

(Occipital)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #5?

A

Posterior intercavernous sinus

Q

Which structure is labeled by #33?

A

Palatine process of the Maxilla

Q

Where does CN IX exit the skull?

A

Jugular canal, between the temporal and occipital bones

(CN IX = Glossopharyngeal nerve, motor to the muscles of the pharynx/larynx, special sensory to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue and the middle ear)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #11?

A

Clivus

(Occipital)

Q

Which structure is labeled by B?

Which cranial nerve exits the skull here?

A

Optic canal of the sphenoid bone

Optic Neve (CN II)

Q

If a patient has an inflamed parotid duct, contraction of which muscles will elicit pain?

A

Any of the facial muscles innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII)

The facial nerve runs through (but does not innervate) the parotid gland

Q

Which structure is labeled by #1?

A

Median palatine suture

(Maxilla)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #12?

A

Occipital sinus

Q

Which structure is labeled by #4?

A

Condylar process

Q

Which structure is labeled by #5?

A

Lesser palatine foramen

Q

Which structure is labeled by #15?

A

Galea aponeurotica

Q

I

Muscle:
Function:

A

I

Muscle: Orbicularis oris
Function: Closes mouth, compresses and protrudes lips
- Helps us keep food in our mouths

Q

Which structure is labeled by #11?

A

Transverse sinus

Q

Which structure is labeled by #3?

A

Ethmoid bone

Q

Which structure is labeled by #17?

A

Mastoid process

(Temporal bone)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #14?

A

Temporal bone, petrous part

Q

Which structure is labeled by #34?

A

Incisive foramen

(Maxilla)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #19?

A

Superior ophthalmic vein

Q

Which structure is labeled by #2?

A

Greater wing of the sphenoid bone

Q

Which structure is labeled by #15?

A

Hypoglossal canal

(Occipital)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #4?

A

Superior nuchal line

Q

E

Muscle:
Function:

A

E

Muscle: Depressor anguli oris
Function: Pulls the angle of the mouth downward
- -> Frown

Q

Which structure is labeled by #2?

A

Middle meningeal artery

(Coming out of the foramen spinosum)

Q

Where does CN XII exit the skull?

A

Hypoglossal canal in the occipital bone

(CN XII = Hypoglossal nerve, motor to muscles of the tongue)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #17?

A

Cavernous sinus

Q

Which structure is labeled by #13?

A

Temporal process of the zygomatic bone

Q

Which structure is labeled by #2?

A

Alveolar process

Q

Where does CN X exit the skull?

A

Jugular canal, in between the temporal and occipital bones

(CN X = Vagus nerve, lots of visceral sensation in the body)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #15?

A

Jugular foramen

Q

Where does CN VII exit the skull?

A

Internal acoustic meatus of the temporal bone

(CN VII = Facial Nerve, motor to muscles of facial expression, special sensory to anterior 2/3 of the tongue)

Q

Which bone is labeled by #10?

A

Mandible

Q

Which structure is labeled by #6?

A

Foramen ovale

(Sphenoid)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #23?

A

Squamous suture

(Between temporal and parietal)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #4?

A

Condylar process

(#2 is the head, #3 is the neck)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #6?

A

Basilar plexus

Q

Which nerve is labeled by #2?

A

Ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (V1)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #21?

A

External occipital crest

Q

Which structure is labeled by #10?

A

Foramen spinosum

(Sphenoid)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #30?

A

Temporal surface of the zygomatic bone

Q

Which structure is labeled by #7?

A

Body of the mandible

Q

Which structure is labeled by #9?

A

Foramen ovale

(Sphenoid)

Q

Which nerve is labeled by #3?

A

Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (V2)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #13?

A

Lamboid suture

Q

Which muscle is labeled by #8?

What is its function?

A

Zygomaticus major

Elevates the angle of the mouth and draws it laterally (Laughing, smiling)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #4?

A

Hypophysis

Q

Which structure is labeled by C?

Which cranial nerves exit the skull here? (4)

A

Superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone

All nerves to extra-ocular muscles

Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)
Trochlear Nerve (CN IV)
Abducens (CN VI)

Sensory innervation to the orbit

Ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V¹)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #28?

A

Zygomatic arch

(Temporal process of zygomatic + zygomatic process of temporal)

Q

Which bone is labeled by #12?

A

Zygomatic bone

Q

Which structure is labeled by #6?

A

Vomer

Q

Which structure is labeled by #8?

A

Anterior nasal spine

(Maxilla)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #10?

A

Oblique Line

Q

Which structure is labeled by #12?

A

Carotid canal

(Temporal)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #11?

A

Foramen lacerum

(Sphenoid)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #1?

A

Sagittal suture

Q

Which bone is labeled by #19?

A

Occipital bone

Q

Which structure is labeled by #9?

A

Superior sagittal sinus

Q

Which structure is labeled by #10?

A

Middle cranial fossa

(Sphenoid)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #8?

A

Ramus

Q

C, C1, C2

Muscle:
Function:

A

C = Zygomaticus

C1
- Zygomaticus minor, smiling
C2
- Zygomaticus major, smiling

Innervation CN 7 facial n.

Q

Which structure is labeled by #5?

A

Coronoid process

Q

Which structure is labeled by #5?

A

Nasal bone

Q

Which structure is labeled by #6?

A

Trigeminal ganglion

(In the trigeminal cave)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #5?

A

Middle nasal concha

Q

Which structure is labeled by #1?

A

Glabella

(Frontal bone)

Q

Which structure is labeled by D?

Which cranial nerve exits the skull here?

A

Foramen rotundum of the sphenoid bone

Maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V²)

Q

Which muscle is labeled by #2?

What is its function?

A

Orbital part of orbicularis oculi

Closes the eyelids

Q

Where does CN IV exit the skull?

A

Superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone

(CN IV = Trochlear nerve, motor to superior oblique -> depresses and abducts the eye)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #3?

A

Lesser wing of the sphenoid

Q

Which structures are labeled by #21?

A

Superior and inferior temporal lines

Q

Which muscle is labeled by #14?

What is its function?

A

Occipital belly of occipitofrontalis

Draws scalp backwards

Q

Which structure is labeled by #5?

A

Tentorium cerebelli

Q

H

Muscle:
Function:

A

H

Muscle: Buccinator
Function: Works with the tongue to keep food between teeth
- Also helps puff cheeks out - “Trumpeter’s muscle”
Innervation: Buccal branch of CN 7

Q

Which structure is labeled by #2?

A

Nasal bone

Q

Where does CN III exit the skull?

A

Superior orbital fissure of the sphenoic bone

(CN III = Oculomotor nerve, extra-ocular eye muscles + levator palpebrae superioris)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #2?

A

Frontal sinus

Q

Which structure is labeled by #16?

A

Foramen magnum

(Occipital)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #1?

A

Frontal crest

Q

Which structure is labeled by #26?

A

Mandibular fossa

(Temporal)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #27?

A

Pharyngeal tubercle

(Occipital)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #2?

A

Coronoid process

Q

Which bone is labeled by #22?

A

Parietal bone

Q

Which muscle is labeled by #12?

What is its function?

A

Depressor anguli oris

Depresses the angle of the mouth (frowning)

(whereas depressor labii inferioris depresses the whole lip)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #7?

A

Inferior petrosal sinus

Q

Which structure is labeled by #1?

A

Anterior cranial fossa

Q

Which structure is labeled by #22?

A

Condylar canal (Occipital bone)

Not always present if present occipital emissary vein passes through here

Q

Which structure is labeled by #1?

A

Head of the condylar process

Q

Which structure is labeled by #1?

(The little notch)

A

Frontal incisure

Q

Which structure is labeled by #13?

A

Mandibular Notch

Q

Which structure is labeled by #25?

A

Styloid process

(Temporal)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #6?

A

Lingula

Q

B, B1, B2

Muscle:
Function:

A

B - Orbicularis oculi

B1
- Palpebral part - move tears from the lacrimal gland to the lacrimal duct/drainage system
B2
- Orbital part - close the eyelid

Innervation buccal branch onf CN 7

Q

Which structure is labeled by #17?

A

Inferior nuchal line

(Occipital)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #1?

A

Head of the condylar process

Q

Which structure is labeled by #8?

A

Straight sinus

Q

J

Muscle:
Function:

A

J

Muscle: Levator anguili oris
Function: Elevates the angle of the mouth
- Smiling

Q

Which structure is labeled by #29?

A

Hamulus

(Of the medial pterygoid plate)

Q

Which structure is labeled by #9?

A

Mental foramen

Contains: inferior alveolar n. mental a. mental v.

Q

Which structure is labeled by #8?

A

Styloid process of the temporal bone

Q

Which structure is labeled by #14?

A

Sigmoid sinus

Q

Which nerve runs in between the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles?

A

Mandibular nerve - CN V₃

(After exiting the foramen ovale)

Q

Which nerve is labeled by #1?

A

Mandibular nerve V3

(After synapsing in the otic ganglion)

Q

Which nerve is labeled by #2?

A

Otic ganglion

Branches of the mandibular nerve are coming off of this ganglion

Q

Which structure is labeled by #3?

A

pharyngotympanic (aka auditory) tube

Q

Which muscle is labeled by #4?

What is its action?

A

Lateral pterygoid

Depress and protrude the jaw

Q

Which muscle is labeled by #5?

What are its actions?

A

Medial pterygoid muscle

Elevation, protrusion, contralateral excursion of the jaw

Q

Which muscle is labeled by #6?

What is its innervation?

A

Levator palati

Vagus nerve (CN X), pharyngeal branch