Lab 1 - Superficial Face and Skull Flashcards
Which structure is labeled by #8?
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Anterior nasal spine
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Which structure is labeled by #6?
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Frontal process of the zygomatic bone
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Which structure is labeled by #9?
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Mastoid process of the temporal bone
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D
- Muscle:
- Function:
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D
- Muscle: Platysma
- Function: Lowers the corners of the mouth
- -> Express sadness, surprise, horror
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Where does CN VIII exit the skull?
Internal acoustic meatus of the temporal bone
(CN VIII = Vestibulocochlear Nerve, hearing and balance)
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Which structure is labeled by #14?
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Stylomastoid foramen
(Temporal)
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Where does CN I exit the skull?
Cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone
(CN I = Olfactory nerve, smell)
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Which structure is labeled by G?
Which cranial nerves exit the skull here? (3)
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Jugular Canal - between the temporal bone and occipital bone
- Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
- Vagus Nerve (CN X)
- Spinal Accessory (CN XI)
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Which structure is labeled by #15?
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Styloid process of the temporal bone
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Which structures are labeled by 15 (bone), 15a, 15b, and 15c?
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15 - Sphenoid bone
15a - Lesser wing of the sphenoid
15b - Greater wing of the sphenoid
15c - Hypophyseal fossa (sphenoid)
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Which structure is labeled by #3?
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Granular foveolae
(for arachnoid granulations)
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Which structure is labeled by #8?
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Foramen lacerum
(Sphenoid)
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Which structure is labeled by #7?
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Palatine bone
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Which structure is labeled by #20?
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External occipital protuberance
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Which structure is labeled by #13?
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Internal acoustic meatus
(Temporal)
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Which muscle is labeled by #1?
What is its function?
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Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis
Raises eyebrows and wrinkles forehead
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K
- Muscle:
- Function:
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K
- Muscle: Levator labii superioris
- Function: Raises the upper lip
- Helps with opening the mouth
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What vascular structure is the x pointing to?
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Cavernous sinus
Which muscle is labeled by #7?
What is its function?
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Orbicularis oris
Compress and protude lips (helps keep food in mouth)
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Which muscle is labeled by #10?
What is its function?
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Depressor labii inferioris
Depresses lower lip
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Which structure is labeled by #2?
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Transverse palatine suture
(Between maxilla and palatine)
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Which muscle is labeled by #13?
What is its function?
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Platysma
Tenses skin of the neck, depresses mandible
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Which structure is labeled by #19?
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Supreme nuchal line
(Occipital)
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Which structure is labeled by #16?
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Superior petrosal sinus
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Which artery is labeled by #2?
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Internal carotid artery
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Which structure is labeled by #3?
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Anterior intercavernous sinus
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Which structure is labeled by #6?
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Ala of the vomer
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Which vessel is labeled by #4?
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Occipital artery
(Mastoid branch)
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Which structure is labeled by #14?
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Zygomatic arch
(Temporal process of the zygomatic
+
Zygomatic process of the temportal)
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G
- Muscle:
- Function:
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A
- Muscle: Mentalis
- Function: Stabilizes the lower lip
- -> Pouting
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Which structure is labeled by H?
Which cranial nerve exits the skull here?
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Hypoglossal Canal of the Occipital bone
Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)
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Which structure is labeled by #7?
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Alveolar process
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Which structure is labeled by #7?
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Inferior nasal concha
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Which structure is labeled by #2?
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Frontal crest
(Frontal bone)
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Which structure is labeled by #5?
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Anterior clinoid process
(Sphenoid)
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Which structure is labeled by #16?
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Crista galli
(Ethmoid bone)
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Which structure is labeled by #1?
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Cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone
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Which structure is labeled by #32?
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Zygomatic process of the Maxilla
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Which structure is labeled by #3?
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Neck of the condylar process
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Which structure is labeled by #9?
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Mental foramen
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Which structure is labeled by #10?
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Confluence of the sinuses
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Which structure is labeled by #4?
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Groove for superior sagittal sinus
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F
- Muscle:
- Function:
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F
- Muscle: Depressor labii inferioris
- Function: Depress the lower lip
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Which nerve is labeled by #4?
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Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3)
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Which bone is labeled by #2?
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Occiptal bone
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Which vessel is labeled by #7?
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Middle meningeal artery (frontal branch)
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Which structures are labeled by #7, #7a, and #7b?
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7 = Pterygoid process
7a = Medial plate
7b = Lateral plate
(Sphenoid bone)
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Which muscle is labeled by #6?
What is its function?
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Zygomaticus minor
Elevates the upper lip (for smiling)
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Which structure is labeled by #5?
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Inferior nuchal line
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Which structure is labeled by #5?
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Mylohyoid line
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Which structure is labeled by #1?
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Coronoid process
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Which structure is labeled by #11?
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Angle of the mandible
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Which structure is labeled by #3?
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Supreme nuchal line
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Which structure is labeled by #12?
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Jugular foramen
(Temporal)
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A
- Muscle:
- Function:
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A
- Muscle: Anterior belly of occipitofrontalis
- Function: Raise the eyebrows, wrinkle the forehead
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Which structure is labeled by #9?
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Dorsum sellae
(Sphenoid)
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Which structure is labeled by #4?
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Ethmoid (perpendicular plate)
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Which structure is labeled by #3?
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Posterior cranial fossa
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Which structure is labeled by #10?
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External occipital protuberance
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Which vessel is labeled by #5?
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Middle meningeal artery
(Parietal branch)
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Which bone is labeled by #25?
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Frontal bone
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Which structure is labeled by E?
Which cranial nerves exit the skull here?
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Foramen ovale of the sphenoid bone
Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3)
Note - this is the only motor branch of CN V (controls the muscles of mastication)
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Where does CN VI exit the skull?
Superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone
(CN VI = Abducens, motor to the lateral rectus)
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Which structure is labeled by #3?
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Cribiform plate
(Ethmoid bone)
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Which structure is labeled by #12?
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Sphenoid bone (greater wing)
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Where does CN XI exit the skull?
Jugular canal, in between the temporal and occipital bones
(CN XI = Spinal accessory nerve, motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius)
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Where does CN V exit the skull?
- V1 - Superior orbital fissure
- CN V1 = ophthalmic division of trigeminal, general sensory to the orbit
- V2 - Foramen rotundum
- CN V2 = maxillary divison of the trigeminal nerve, general sensory to the midface
- V3 - Foramen ovale
- CN V3 = mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve, general sensory to the lower face, motor to muscles of mastication
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Which structure is labeled by #12?
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Squamous part of the temporal bone
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Which muscle is labeled by #5?
What is its function?
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Levator labii superioris
Elevates and everts the upper lip
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Which structure is labeled by #7?
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Infraorbital foramen
(Maxilla)
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Which structure is labeled by #23?
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Mastoid process
(Temporal)
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Which structure is labeled by A?
Which cranial nerve exits the skull here?
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Cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone
Olfactory nerve (CN I)
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Which structure is labeled by #4?
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Lacrimal bone
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Which structure is labeled by #24?
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Coronal suture
(Temporal bone + Parietal bone)
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Which muscle is labeled by #9?
What is its function?
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Risorius
Pulls the angle of the mouth laterally
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Which structure is labeled by #6?
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Middle cranial fossa
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Which structure is labeled by #7?
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Foramen spinosum
(Sphenoid)
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Where does CN II exit the skull?
Optic canal of the sphenoid bone
(CN II = Optic nerve, sight)
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Which structure is labeled by #11?
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Mental foramen
Transmits: inferior alveolar nerve (branch of mental nerve), mental a. and mental v.
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Which structure is labeled by #5?
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Mandibular foramen
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Which structure is labeled by #3?
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Gabella
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Which structure is labeled by #24?
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Occipital condyle
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Which structure is labeled by #1?
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Frontal sinus
(Frontal bone)
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Which bone is labeled by #18?
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Temporal bone
(Squamous part)
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Which muscle is labeled by #11?
What is its function?
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Mentalis
Elevates and protrudes the lower lip
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Which structure is labeled by #3?
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Lingula
(Mandibular foramen is the arrow below)
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Which structure is labeled by #1?
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Optic chiasm
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Which structure is labeled by #6?
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Occipital condyle
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Which structure is labeled by #11?
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Petrous part of the temporal bone
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Which structure is labeled by #10?
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Infraorbital foramen
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Which structure is labeled by #13?
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Jugular foramen
(Temporal)
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Which structure is labeled by #16?
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External acoustic meatus
(Temporal bone)
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Which structure is labeled by #3?
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Mental foramen
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Which structure is labeled by F?
Which cranial nerves exit the skull here? (2)
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Internal Acoustic Meatus of the temporal bone
- Facial Nerve (CN VII)
- Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII)
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Which bone is labeled by #9?
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Maxilla
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Which muscle is labeled by #4?
What is its function?
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Nasalis
Transverse part compresses the nostrils
Alar part dilates the muscles
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Which structure is labeled by #31?
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Choana
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Which structure is labeled by #2?
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Head of the condylar process
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Which structure is labeled by #8?
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Palatovaginal (pharyngeal) canal
Contains pharyngeal n. branch of maxillary n. and pharyngeal a. branch of maxillary a.
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Which structure is labeled by #4?
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Optic canal
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Which structure is labeled by #3?
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Palatine bone
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Which structure is labeled by #6?
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Alveoli (tooth sockets)
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Which structure is labeled by #8?
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Inferior border of the mandible
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Which structure is labeled by #4?
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Greater palatine foramen
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Which structure is labeled by #13?
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Great cerebral vein
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Which structure is labeled by #12?
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Ramus of the mandible
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Which structure is labeled by #18?
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Sphenoparietal sinus
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Which structure is labeled by #4?
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Mandibular foramen
(Lingula is the arrow above)
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Which structure is labeled by #11?
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Piriform aperture
(aka anterior nasal aperture)
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Which structure is labeled by #20?
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Lamboid suture
(Between parietal and occipital)
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A facial laceration affecting which of the following muscles would impair the ability to smile on the affected side?
- Mentalis
- Orbicularis oris
- Masseter
- Buccinator
- Zygomaticus major
Zygomaticus major
Which structure is labeled by #18?
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Superior nuchal line
(Occipital)
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Which structure is labeled by #5?
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Posterior intercavernous sinus
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Which structure is labeled by #33?
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Palatine process of the Maxilla
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Where does CN IX exit the skull?
Jugular canal, between the temporal and occipital bones
(CN IX = Glossopharyngeal nerve, motor to the muscles of the pharynx/larynx, special sensory to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue and the middle ear)
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Which structure is labeled by #11?
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Clivus
(Occipital)
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Which structure is labeled by B?
Which cranial nerve exits the skull here?
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Optic canal of the sphenoid bone
Optic Neve (CN II)
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If a patient has an inflamed parotid duct, contraction of which muscles will elicit pain?
Any of the facial muscles innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII)
The facial nerve runs through (but does not innervate) the parotid gland
Which structure is labeled by #1?
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Median palatine suture
(Maxilla)
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Which structure is labeled by #12?
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Occipital sinus
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Which structure is labeled by #4?
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Condylar process
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Which structure is labeled by #5?
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Lesser palatine foramen
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Which structure is labeled by #15?
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Galea aponeurotica
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I
- Muscle:
- Function:
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I
- Muscle: Orbicularis oris
- Function: Closes mouth, compresses and protrudes lips
- Helps us keep food in our mouths
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Which structure is labeled by #11?
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Transverse sinus
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Which structure is labeled by #3?
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Ethmoid bone
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Which structure is labeled by #17?
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Mastoid process
(Temporal bone)
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Which structure is labeled by #14?
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Temporal bone, petrous part
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Which structure is labeled by #34?
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Incisive foramen
(Maxilla)
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Which structure is labeled by #19?
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Superior ophthalmic vein
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Which structure is labeled by #2?
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Greater wing of the sphenoid bone
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Which structure is labeled by #15?
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Hypoglossal canal
(Occipital)
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Which structure is labeled by #4?
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Superior nuchal line
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E
- Muscle:
- Function:
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E
- Muscle: Depressor anguli oris
- Function: Pulls the angle of the mouth downward
- -> Frown
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Which structure is labeled by #2?
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Middle meningeal artery
(Coming out of the foramen spinosum)
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Where does CN XII exit the skull?
Hypoglossal canal in the occipital bone
(CN XII = Hypoglossal nerve, motor to muscles of the tongue)
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Which structure is labeled by #17?
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Cavernous sinus
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Which structure is labeled by #13?
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Temporal process of the zygomatic bone
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Which structure is labeled by #2?
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Alveolar process
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Where does CN X exit the skull?
Jugular canal, in between the temporal and occipital bones
(CN X = Vagus nerve, lots of visceral sensation in the body)
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Which structure is labeled by #15?
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Jugular foramen
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Where does CN VII exit the skull?
Internal acoustic meatus of the temporal bone
(CN VII = Facial Nerve, motor to muscles of facial expression, special sensory to anterior 2/3 of the tongue)
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Which bone is labeled by #10?
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Mandible
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Which structure is labeled by #6?
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Foramen ovale
(Sphenoid)
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Which structure is labeled by #23?
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Squamous suture
(Between temporal and parietal)
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Which structure is labeled by #4?
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Condylar process
(#2 is the head, #3 is the neck)
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Which structure is labeled by #6?
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Basilar plexus
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Which nerve is labeled by #2?
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Ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (V1)
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Which structure is labeled by #21?
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External occipital crest
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Which structure is labeled by #10?
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Foramen spinosum
(Sphenoid)
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Which structure is labeled by #30?
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Temporal surface of the zygomatic bone
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Which structure is labeled by #7?
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Body of the mandible
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Which structure is labeled by #9?
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Foramen ovale
(Sphenoid)
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Which nerve is labeled by #3?
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Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (V2)
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Which structure is labeled by #13?
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Lamboid suture
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Which muscle is labeled by #8?
What is its function?
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Zygomaticus major
Elevates the angle of the mouth and draws it laterally (Laughing, smiling)
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Which structure is labeled by #4?
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Hypophysis
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Which structure is labeled by C?
Which cranial nerves exit the skull here? (4)
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Superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone
All nerves to extra-ocular muscles
- Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)
- Trochlear Nerve (CN IV)
- Abducens (CN VI)
Sensory innervation to the orbit
- Ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V1)
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Which structure is labeled by #28?
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Zygomatic arch
(Temporal process of zygomatic + zygomatic process of temporal)
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Which bone is labeled by #12?
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Zygomatic bone
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Which structure is labeled by #6?
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Vomer
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Which structure is labeled by #8?
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Anterior nasal spine
(Maxilla)
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Which structure is labeled by #10?
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Oblique Line
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Which structure is labeled by #12?
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Carotid canal
(Temporal)
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Which structure is labeled by #11?
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Foramen lacerum
(Sphenoid)
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Which structure is labeled by #1?
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Sagittal suture
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Which bone is labeled by #19?
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Occipital bone
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Which structure is labeled by #9?
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Superior sagittal sinus
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Which structure is labeled by #10?
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Middle cranial fossa
(Sphenoid)
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Which structure is labeled by #8?
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Ramus
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C, C1, C2
- Muscle:
- Function:
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C = Zygomaticus
-
C1
- Zygomaticus minor, smiling
-
C2
- Zygomaticus major, smiling
Innervation CN 7 facial n.
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Which structure is labeled by #5?
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Coronoid process
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Which structure is labeled by #5?
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Nasal bone
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Which structure is labeled by #6?
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Trigeminal ganglion
(In the trigeminal cave)
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Which structure is labeled by #5?
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Middle nasal concha
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Which structure is labeled by #1?
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Glabella
(Frontal bone)
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Which structure is labeled by D?
Which cranial nerve exits the skull here?
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Foramen rotundum of the sphenoid bone
Maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V2)
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Which muscle is labeled by #2?
What is its function?
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Orbital part of orbicularis oculi
Closes the eyelids
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Where does CN IV exit the skull?
Superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone
(CN IV = Trochlear nerve, motor to superior oblique -> depresses and abducts the eye)
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Which structure is labeled by #3?
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Lesser wing of the sphenoid
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Which structures are labeled by #21?
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Superior and inferior temporal lines
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Which muscle is labeled by #14?
What is its function?
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Occipital belly of occipitofrontalis
Draws scalp backwards
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Which structure is labeled by #5?
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Tentorium cerebelli
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H
- Muscle:
- Function:
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H
- Muscle: Buccinator
- Function: Works with the tongue to keep food between teeth
- Also helps puff cheeks out - “Trumpeter’s muscle”
- Innervation: Buccal branch of CN 7
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Which structure is labeled by #2?
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Nasal bone
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Where does CN III exit the skull?
Superior orbital fissure of the sphenoic bone
(CN III = Oculomotor nerve, extra-ocular eye muscles + levator palpebrae superioris)
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Which structure is labeled by #2?
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Frontal sinus
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Which structure is labeled by #16?
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Foramen magnum
(Occipital)
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Which structure is labeled by #1?
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Frontal crest
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Which structure is labeled by #26?
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Mandibular fossa
(Temporal)
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Which structure is labeled by #27?
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Pharyngeal tubercle
(Occipital)
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Which structure is labeled by #2?
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Coronoid process
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Which bone is labeled by #22?
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Parietal bone
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Which muscle is labeled by #12?
What is its function?
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Depressor anguli oris
Depresses the angle of the mouth (frowning)
(whereas depressor labii inferioris depresses the whole lip)
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Which structure is labeled by #7?
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Inferior petrosal sinus
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Which structure is labeled by #1?
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Anterior cranial fossa
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Which structure is labeled by #22?
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Condylar canal (Occipital bone)
Not always present if present occipital emissary vein passes through here
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Which structure is labeled by #1?
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Head of the condylar process
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Which structure is labeled by #1?
(The little notch)
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Frontal incisure
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Which structure is labeled by #13?
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Mandibular Notch
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Which structure is labeled by #25?
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Styloid process
(Temporal)
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Which structure is labeled by #6?
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Lingula
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B, B1, B2
- Muscle:
- Function:
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B - Orbicularis oculi
-
B1
- Palpebral part - move tears from the lacrimal gland to the lacrimal duct/drainage system
-
B2
- Orbital part - close the eyelid
Innervation buccal branch onf CN 7
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Which structure is labeled by #17?
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Inferior nuchal line
(Occipital)
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Which structure is labeled by #1?
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Head of the condylar process
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Which structure is labeled by #8?
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Straight sinus
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J
- Muscle:
- Function:
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J
- Muscle: Levator anguili oris
- Function: Elevates the angle of the mouth
- Smiling
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Which structure is labeled by #29?
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Hamulus
(Of the medial pterygoid plate)
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Which structure is labeled by #9?
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Mental foramen
Contains: inferior alveolar n. mental a. mental v.
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Which structure is labeled by #8?
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Styloid process of the temporal bone
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Which structure is labeled by #14?
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Sigmoid sinus
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Which nerve runs in between the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles?
Mandibular nerve - CN V3
(After exiting the foramen ovale)
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Which nerve is labeled by #1?
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Mandibular nerve V3
(After synapsing in the otic ganglion)
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Which nerve is labeled by #2?
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Otic ganglion
Branches of the mandibular nerve are coming off of this ganglion
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Which structure is labeled by #3?
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pharyngotympanic (aka auditory) tube
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Which muscle is labeled by #4?
What is its action?
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Lateral pterygoid
Depress and protrude the jaw
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Which muscle is labeled by #5?
What are its actions?
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Medial pterygoid muscle
Elevation, protrusion, contralateral excursion of the jaw
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Which muscle is labeled by #6?
What is its innervation?
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Levator palati
Vagus nerve (CN X), pharyngeal branch
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