Lab 2 - Eye and Orbit Flashcards by Madeleine (she/her) Horvath

Which structure is labeled by #7?

What nerve runs through this structure?

Infraorbital groove

Contains the infraorbital nerve (from V₂)

(on its way to exit the infraorbital foramen)

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Which structure is labeled by #13?

Which nerves meet up here?

Ciliary ganglion

Pre-ganglionic parasympathetics from the oculomotor nerve (CN III) (-> pupil sphincter and cilliary body) and
Sympathetics (-> pupil dilator and superior tarsus) jump onto the
Ophthalmic nerve (CN V₁)

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Which bone is labeled by #13?

Nasal

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Describe the clinical presentation of Horner’s Syndrome

What is the etiology?

Ptosis, Miosis, loss of hemifacial sweating

Caused by loss of sympathetic tone to the eye

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Muscle:
Action:
Innervation:

Muscle: Medial rectus
Action: Adduct the eye
Innervation: Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

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Which structure is labeled by #12?

Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

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Which nerves are labeled by #7?

Long ciliary nerves

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What pathology does the lower eyelid show?

What causes this?

Ectropian

Caused by lack of tendon support

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Which bone is labeled by #11?

Lacrimal

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Which structure is labeled by #6?

Which nerves pass through this structure?

Inferior orbital fissure

(Infraorbital groove (6) is anterior)

Anterior branches of the maxillary nerve (V₂)

Infraorbital nerve
(-> infraorbital groove, infrorbital foramen)
Zygomatic nerve
(Splits into zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial)

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Which muscle is labeled by #11?

What innervates it?

Levator palpebrae superioris

Innervated by the oculomotor nerve (CN III)

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Which part of which bone is labeled by #9?

Lesser wing of the sphenoid

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Which nerve is labeled by #8?

Trochlear nerve

(Innervates the superior oblique, #2)

Note: Sneaky sneaky nasociliary (#5) looks like it could innervate the superior oblique based on this picture, but it provides sensory innervation, sympathetics, and parasympathetics (from CN III) to the eye

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Which bone is labeled by #10?

Ethmoid

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Artery:
Nerve:

Artery: Supraorbital artery
Nerve: Supraorbital nerve

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Which structure is labeled by #6?

Vitreous humor

Enough of this pushes the pigemented retina against the visual retina so we can see

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Muscle:
Action:
Innervation:

Muscle: Superior rectus
Action: Elevate and adduct the eye
Innervation: Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

Note: Superior rectus is deep to levator palpebrae superioris (#12)

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Which structures are labeled by #15?

Lacrimal nerve (branch of CN V₁) for sensory innervation*

Lacrimal artery

Lacrimal gland

*Note: Lacrimal gland secretions are under parasympathetic control from the facial nerve (CN VII) that jump onto the lacrimal nerve in the pterygopalatine ganglion

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What is the vascular layer of the eye?

The choroid, #8

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Which nerve is labeled by #4?

Where does it exit the skull?

Trochlear nerve (CN IV)

Exits the skull through the superior orbital fissure (Between the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid)

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Which structure is labeled by #15?

Ethmoidal air cells

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Muscle:
Action:
Innervation:

Muscle: Lateral rectus
Action: Abduct the eye
Innervation: Abducens (CN VI), #7 in this image

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Which structure is labeled by #9?

Infraorbital foramen

(This is where the infraorbital nerve V₂) exits the skull

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Which nerves are labeled by #10?

Short ciliary nerves

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Which structure is labeled by #1? Which nerve this structure?

Suprorbital foramen (may also be a notch) Supraorbital nerve (branch of V1) Note - Frontal incisure (17) is medial to the supraorbital foramen

Which part of the eye is labeled by #3?

Anterior chamber | (filled with aqueous humor)

Which structure is labeled by #2?

Superior oblique muscle

Which structure (bone and part) is labeled by #8?

Orbital surface of the maxilla

#4 * Nerve: * Action:

#4 * Nerve: **Trochlear** * Muscle supplied: **Superior oblique,** #2 in this image * Action: **Depress and abduct the eye**

The _______ is the anterior extent of the neural retina

Ora serrata (not labeled here, but look at the line between 5 and 6)

#3 * Nerve: * Action: * Parasympathetics that hitch-hike on: [nerve origin + destination] * Sympathetics that hitch-hike on: [destination]

#3 * Nerve: **Nasociliary** (Branch of V₁) * Action: * *Sensory innervation to the structures surrounding the eye** * Parasympathetics that hitch-hike on: * *From oculomotor (CN III) via ciliary ganglion -\> pupil sphincter, ciliary body** * Sympathetics that hitch-hike on: * *From sympathetic outflow -\> pupil dilator, superior tarsal muscle** Note: Nasociliary is superficial to the orbital nerve

#7 * Nerve: * Action:

#7 * Nerve: **Abducens (CN VI)** * Muscle supplied: **Lateral rectus,** #9 in this image * Action: **Abducts the eye**

Which structure is labeled by #10?

Frontal nerve (Branch of the ophthalmic nerve V₁) Branches into the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves

Which nerve is labeled by #8? Where does it exit the skull?

Trigeminal nerve (CN V) Splits into its 3 branches before leaving the skull * Ophthalmic nerve (V₁) -\> Superior orbital fissure * Maxillary nerve (V₂) -\> Foramen rotundum * Mandibular nerve (V₃) -\> Foramen ovale

Which structure is labeled by #9?

Ophthalmic artery

Describe the pathway of the infraorbital nerve (From its parent nerve leaving the brainstem to its exit from the skull)

Infraorbital nerve is a branch of the maxillary nerve (V₂) * Foramen rotundum (as the maxillary nerve) * Pterygopalatine fossa * Inferior orbital fissure (As the infraorbital nerve) * Infraorbital groove * Infraorbital foramen

What pathlogy does the lower eyelid have?

Entropian

#2 * Muscle: * Action: * Innervation:

#2 * Muscle: **Superior oblique** * Action: **Depress and abduct the eye** * Innervation: **Trochlear nerve (CN IV)**, #4 in this image

Which structure is labeled by #2?

Cornea

Which structure is labeled by #3? | (Artery and nerve)

Anterior ethmoidal artery and nerve

Which structure is labeled by #10?

Optic disc This is where the optic nerve sends neurons into the retina - this is the blind spot of our visual field

Which structure is labeled by #9?

Sclera | (The whites of the eye)

What is the most common casue of orbital cellulitis?

Spread from the sinuses (especially ethmoid sinus) through the anterior or posterior ethmoidal foramen

Which structure is labeled by #14? Which nerve runs thorugh this structure?

Optic canal (of the sphenoid bone) The optic nerve (Also ophthalmic artery)

Which structure is labeled by #5?

Common tendinous ring

Which nerve is labeled by #7? Where does it exit the skull?

Abducens (CN VI) Exits the skull through the superior orbital fissure (between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid)

Which artery is labeled by #2?

Internal carotid artery | (#1 is the ophthalmic artery)

Which structure is labeled by #3?

Optic chiasm (Part of the optic nerve CN II)

Which foramen is labeled by #3?

Zygomatico-orbital foramen

Which structure is labeled by #7?

Retina

Which structure is labeled by #8?

Choroid | (Vascular layer)

Which structure is labeled by #6?

Cavernous sinus

Which structure is labeled by #11?

Ocular conjunctiva

Which structure is labeled by #16?

Posterior ethmoidal foramen

#11 * Structure: * Innervation:

#11 * Structure: **Lacrimal gland** * Innervation: * **Sensory: Lacrimal nerve (Branch of V₁)** * **Secretion: Parasympathetics from facial nerve (VII) that hitch-hike on in the pterygopalatine ganglion** Note - All other parasympathetics to the orbit/eye originate from the oculomotor nerve (III) and hitch-hike onto V₁ in the ciliary ganglion

Which nerve is labeled by #12?

Supraorbital nerve (Branching: ophthalmic (V1) -\> frontal -\> supraorbital)

#10 * Nerve: * Action: * Parasympathetics that hitch-hike on: [nerve of origin, action]

#10 * Nerve: **Lacrimal Nerve** (Branch of V₁) * Action: **Sensory innervation to the lacrimal gland** * Parasympathetics that hitch-hike on: * *Facial nerve (CN VII) via pterygopalatine ganglion, lacrimal gland secretion**

Which structure is labeled by #4? Which nerves pass through this structuer?

Superior orbital fissure Everything going to the eye/orbit except the optic nerve and ophthalimc artery * Oculomotor nerve (CN III) * Trochelar nerve (CN IV) * Ophthalmic nerve (CN V₁) * Abducens (CN VI)

Which structure is labeled by #1?

Lens

Which structure is labeled by #4?

Superior ophthalmic vein

Describe the clinical presentation of 3rd nerve palsy.

Ptosis, dilated pupil, eye in the "down and out" position Note: the only oculomotor nerves that are working are the superior oblique (IV) and the lateral rectus (VI)

Which structure is labeled by #6? | (Artery and nerve)

Posterior ethmoidal artery and nerve

Which numbers label ciliary nerves?

Long ciliary nerves: #7 Short ciliary nerves: #10 Ciliary ganglion: #13

Which structure is labeled by #5?

Nasociliary (Note: looks like it innervates the superior oblique (#2), but actually provides sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetics (from CN III via ciliary ganglion) to the eye

Which bone is labeled by #5?

Zygomatic

Which structure is labeled by #15

Anterior ethmoidal foramen

Which structure is labeled by #14?

Inferior ophthalmic vein

Which artery is labeled by #1? Where does it exit the skull?

**Ophthalmic artery** *(Branch off of internal carotid #2)* Exits the skull through the **optic canal**, along with the optic nerve (3)

Which structure is labeled by #5? What is its function?

Ciliary body (Hard to tell here, but it encircles the lens) Contracts to put slack in the suspensory ligments, allowing the lens to round out. This enables us to accomodate for **close-up vision**

Which nerve is labeled by #13?

Supratrochlear nerve (Branching: ophthalmic (V₁) -\> frontal -\> supratrochlear)

#6 * Nerve: * Action: * Relevant branches:

#6 * Nerve: **Frontal nerve (Branch of V₁)** * Action: * *Cutaneous innervation to the forehead, eyelid, and nose** * Relevant branches: **Supraorbital, supratrochlear**

Which nerve is labeled by #11?

Optic nerve (CN II)

Which structure is labeled by #1?

Medial rectus muscle

Which structure is labeled by #17?

Frontal incisure

Which structure is labeled by #5? Where does it exit the skull?

Oculomotor nerve (CN III) Exits the skull through the superior orbital fissure (between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid)

#12 * Muscle: * Action: * Innervation:

#12 * Muscle: **Levator palpebrae superioris** * Action: **Elevate the eyelid** * Innervation: **Oculomotor nerve (CN III)** Note: Levator palpebrae superioris is superficial to the superior rectus

Which structure is labeled by #4?

Chamber angle (Angle of the anterior chamber of the eye - if this is too narrow, the aqueous humor accumulates, resulting in narrow-angle glaucoma)

Lab 2 - Eye and Orbit Flashcards

(77 cards)