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BIOL 1410 > Lab 5 Checklist > Flashcards

Lab 5 Checklist Flashcards

1
Q

Coccyx

A
  • Last vertebrae (aka Tailbone)
  • 3-5 fused vertebrae (usually 4)
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2
Q

Sacrum

A
  • 5 fused vertebrae (above coccyx)
  • Articulates with the allium (appendicular skeleton)
  • Articulates with 5th lumbar vertebra (L5)
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3
Q

Lumbar Vertebrae

A
  • 5 vertebrae
  • Support body weight
  • ALL have large bodies and rectangular spinous processes
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4
Q

Body (lumbar)

A
  • Large kidney shape
  • Wider from side to side than from front to back
  • Slightly thicker in front than back
  • Slightly concave
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5
Q

Lamina (lumbar)

A
  • Thin, bony plate
  • Shields or protects access to the spinal canal
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6
Q

Pedicle (lumbar)

A
  • Connects the lamina to the vertebral body
  • Are very strong
  • Directed backwards from the upper part of the vertebral body
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7
Q

Spinous Process (lumbar)

A
  • Blunt and rectangular (for the attachment of strong lumbar muscles)
  • Projects backward and downward (as do all)
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8
Q

Transverse Process (lumbar)

A
  • Long and slender
  • Change in morphology from L1-L3 to L4-L5
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9
Q

Vertebral Foramen (lumbar)

A
  • Triangular hole within the arch
  • Larger than that of thoracic, smaller than that of cervical
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10
Q

Os Coxae

A
  • Hip bone (one side of pelvic girdle)
  • Consists of allium, ischium and pubis
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11
Q

Acetabulum

A
  • Joint in pelvic girdle
  • Articulates with head of femur
  • All 3 bones of Os Coxa join here
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12
Q

Illiac Crest

A
  • Is the Illium’s superior border
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13
Q

Illium

A
  • Os coxa
  • Articulates with sacrum
  • Largest of 3 bones that make up the pelvis
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14
Q

Ischial Tuberosity

A
  • Lower part of pelvis
  • aka Sit bones (bony butt)
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15
Q

Ischium

A
  • Paired bone of os coxa
  • ^Most inferior part
  • Forms lower and back part of hip bone
  • Articulates with illium and pubis
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16
Q

Obturator Foramen

A
  • Large opening in the Os Coxa (hipbone) between the pubis and the ischium
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17
Q

Pubis

A
  • 1 of 3 bones of pelvic bone
  • Most forward-facing bone of pelvic bone
  • Left and right joined by pubic symphysis
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18
Q

Pelvic Brim (inlet)

A
  • Pelvic Girdle
  • Top of cylinder; view from above
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19
Q

Pelvic Outlet

A
  • Pelvic Girdle
  • Bottom of cylinder; view from underneath
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20
Q

Pubic Arch

A
  • Pelvic Girdle
  • Anterior triangle of the pelvic outlet
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21
Q

Pubic Symphysis

A
  • Cartilaginous Joint that attaches left and right pelvic bone
  • Helps pelvis absorb some of the weight from the upper body as it travels to the lower body
  • Amphiathrotic; allows expansion during childbirth
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22
Q

Sacroiliac Joint

A
  • Pelvic Girdle
  • Joint between Sacrum + Illium
  • Plane/gliding synovial joint (flat surface)
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23
Q

Sacrum

A
  • 5 fused vertebrae in Pelvic Girdle
  • Articulates with illium and 5th lumbar vertebra
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24
Q

Femur

A
  • Long bone of the thighs/upper hind limb
  • Left vs right: Lateral/medial condyles (posterior) and Head (medial)
  • Ball & socket joint with acetabulum (hip)
  • Distally, articulates with condyles of tibia
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25
Q

Tibia

A
  • Medial bone of the shin
  • Larger and stronger than Fibula
  • aka Shinbone
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26
Q

Fibula

A
  • Lateral bone of the shin
  • Smaller than Tibia
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27
Q

Metatarsals

A
  • 5 within the foot (sole)
  • Connect ankle to toes
  • Help you balance when you stand and walk
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28
Q

Phalanges (toes)

A
  • 14 digits
  • aka Toes
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29
Q

Tarsals

A
  • There are 7
  • 2 parts: Talus (big projection on top) and Calcaneus
  • NOT long bones
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30
Q

Greater Trochanter

A
  • Large, irregular eminence of the Femur
  • Attachement site for gluteus medius & minimus, piriformis, obturator externus & internus
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31
Q

Lateral Condyle

A
  • 1 of 2 projections on the lower extremity of femur
  • More prominent and broader than the medial condyle
  • Articulates with proximal part of tibia (tibial lateral condyle)
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32
Q

Lateral Epicondyle

A
  • On distal end of Femur
  • Attachment site for fibular collateral ligament of the knee-joint
33
Q

Lesser Trochanter

A
  • On proximal end of Femur
  • Medial to Greater Trochanter
  • Attachment for Illopsoas Muscle
34
Q

Medial Condyle (femur)

A
  • Smaller 1 of 2 projections on the lower extremity of femur
  • Articulates with proximal part of tibia (tibial medial condyle)
35
Q

Medial Epicondyle

A
  • Bony protrusion on distal end of Femur
  • Provides attachment for Adductor Magnus muscle (tendon) and Tibial Collateral ligament
36
Q

Lateral Condyle (tibia)

A
  • Lateral portion of the proximal extremity of tibia
  • Rests above the head of the fibula
  • Articulates with corresponding part on femur
37
Q

Medial Condyle (tibia)

A
  • Medial portion of the proximal extremity of tibia
  • Articulates with corresponding part on femur
38
Q

Medial Malleolus

A
  • Bony bump on inside of ankle
  • Attachment site for Deltoid Ligament
  • “Hook” on distal end of tibia
39
Q

Tibial Tuberosity

A
  • “Bump” on anterior side of of tibia
  • Just below the lateral and medial tibial condyles
  • Attachment site for patellar ligament
  • Articulates with talus
40
Q

Head (fibula)

A
  • Slanted shape
  • Articulates with lateral condyle of tibia
41
Q

Lateral Malleolus

A
  • Pointy, distal end of fibula
  • Bump on outside of ankle
  • Articulates with talus
42
Q

Talus

A
  • Large “ankle” bone
  • Articulates with tibia and calcaneus bone
43
Q

Calcaneus

A
  • aka Heel Bone
  • Articulates with cuboid bone (foot), talus (ankle)
  • Attachment site for Achilles Tendon
44
Q

Adductor Longus

A
  • Large, fan-shaped muscle
  • On medial, anterior aspect of thigh
  • Innervated by L2-L4 (obturator nerve)
  • Origin; Pubis
  • Insert; Femur
45
Q

Adductor Magnus

A
  • Large, triangular muscle
  • On medial, posterior aspect of thigh
  • Attaches to inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium and ischial tuberosity
  • Origin; Pubis
  • Insert; Femur
46
Q

Gracilis

A
  • Directly medial to adductor Magnus (in between adductors)
  • Long & thin muscle
  • Originates on ischiopubic ramus
  • Joins with sartorial and semitendinosus muscle tendons (= pes anserine)
  • Then inserts on Tibia (medial to tibial tuberosity)
47
Q

Iliopsoas

A
  • Psoas Major + Ilacus (=iliopsoas)
  • Deep muscle group
  • Anatomically connects the Spine to Lower Limbs
  • Is the primary hip flexor
48
Q

Iliacus

A
  • Part of Iliopsoas
  • Is somewhat of a cavity at the top
  • Belongs to inner hip muscles
  • Flexor muscle
49
Q

Psoas Major

A
  • Part of Iliopsoas
  • At the very top; runs from lumbar spine through the groin on either side
  • Belongs to inner hip muscles
  • Flexor muscle
50
Q

Pectineus

A
  • Flat quadrangular muscle (small & anterior)
  • In the upper portion of the thigh
  • Thigh Adductor muscle; aids balance and alignment
  • Origin; Pubis (Pectineal line)
  • Insertion; Femur
51
Q

Quadriceps Fermoris

A
  • Large group of muscles at the Front of the thigh (quads)
  • Includes; rectus femoris, vests medialis, vastus lateralis and vastus intermedius
52
Q

Rectus Femoris

A
  • Part of quadriceps fermoris
  • Runs down the middle (from anterior view)
  • Originates; iliac spine (illium)
  • Inserts; tibial tuberosity (via patellar ligament) and patella
53
Q

Vastus Lateralis

A
  • Part of quadriceps fermoris
  • Lateral to rectus femoris
  • Originates; Greater trochanter of Femur
  • Inserts; tibial tuberosity (via patellar ligament), patella and lateral condyle of tibia
54
Q

Vastus Medialis

A
  • Part of quadriceps fermoris
  • Medial to rectus femoris
  • Originates; femur
  • Inserts; tibial tuberosity (via patellar ligament), patella and lateral condyle of tibia
55
Q

Sartorius

A
  • Thin, long, superficial muscle
  • Runs diagonally on anterior aspect of thigh (over hip and knee joints)
  • Origin; Iliac Spine (illium)
  • Inserts; Tibia (tibial shaft)
56
Q

Tensor Fasciae Latae

A
  • Found on proximal anterolateral thigh
  • Between the superficial & deep fibres of the iliotibial (IT) band
  • Ends before the grater trochanter of the femur
  • Originates; anterior iliac crest & iliac spine
  • Inserts; lateral condyle of tibia
57
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A
  • aka Butt
  • Main extensor muscle of the hip
  • Largest and outermost of the three gluteal muscles
58
Q

Gluteus Medius

A
  • Proximal to Gluteus Maximus
  • Anterior part internally Rotates thigh
  • Contraction of the whole muscle Abducts the thigh
59
Q

Hamstrings

A
  • Tendons at the back of the thighs
  • Attach the large thigh muscle to the bone
  • Includes; semitendinosus, semimembranous, biceps femoris
  • ALL attach between the ischial tuberosity (pelvis) and bones of the leg
60
Q

Biceps Femoris

A
  • Long hamstring muscle
  • Lateral to Semitendionsus
  • Allows movement at hip and knee joints
61
Q

Semimembranosus

A
  • Skinny hamstring muscle
  • Medial to Semitendionsus (most medial of 3)
  • Has a flat tendon of origin
  • Extensor of hip joint
  • Flexor of knee joint
62
Q

Semitendionsus

A
  • Middle, fusiform hamstring muscle
63
Q

Extensor Digitorium Longus

A
  • Feather-like muscle of the anterior (extensor) compartment of leg
  • Lateral part of shin (in front of fibula)
64
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) Longus

A
  • Superficial muscle in Lateral compartment of leg
  • Tilts the sole of foot away from midline of body
  • Allows plantar flexion at the ankle
65
Q

Gastrocnemius

A
  • Main calf muscle
  • Flexes knee and foot
  • Originates; back of Femur and Patella
  • Attaches to Achilles tendon
66
Q

Soleus

A
  • Wide, flat leg muscle (posterior)
  • From just below the knee to the heel
  • Lays immediately deep to the Gastrocnemius
67
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A
  • Originates; lateral surface of tibia
  • Inserts; medial cuneiform & 1st metatarsal bones
  • Acts to dorsiflex and invert the foot
  • Located near the shin (in front of)
68
Q

Iliofemoral Ligament

A
  • Attaches the anterior inferior iliac spine to intertrochateric crest of femur
  • Prevents excess abduction and extension
69
Q

Ischiofemoral Ligament

A
  • Attaches to posterior surface of acetabular rim and labrum
  • Inserts; anterior aspect of femur
  • Prevents excess extension & limits internal rotation
70
Q

Pubofermoral Ligament

A
  • Triangular shaped ligament
  • Attaches the Pubis to the Femoral Head
  • Prevents hyper extension
71
Q

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

A
  • ACL runs diagonally in the middle of the knee
  • Connects femur to tibia
  • Originates at lateral femoral condyle
  • Inserts into middle of intercondylar area
72
Q

Fibular Collateral Ligament

A
  • LCL is on outer side of knee
  • Runs from proximal part of fibula to outer side of distal femur
  • Attached at lateral condyle of femur (above the popliteus)
73
Q

Lateral Meniscus

A
  • Horizontal, crescent-shaped band (medial)
  • More oval than medial meniscus
  • Cartilaginous
  • Between the medial tibia and medial femur
  • Decrease the amount of stress on the knee joint (shock absorber)
74
Q

Medial Meniscus

A
  • Horizontal, crescent-shaped band (medial)
  • Larger than lateral meniscus
  • Cartilaginous
  • Between the medial tibia and medial femur
  • Decrease the amount of stress on the knee joint (shock absorber)
75
Q

Patellar Ligament

A
  • Anterior on knee joint
  • Distal portion of the quadriceps Femoris (from patella to tibial tuberosity)
  • Attaches patella to tibia (large and vertical)
76
Q

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

A
  • Originates from medial femoral condyle
  • Inserts along posterior tibial plateau
  • 2 tough bands of fibrous tissue in the back of the knee
  • 1 of several ligaments that connect the femur to tibia
77
Q

Tibial Collateral Ligament

A
  • aka Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
  • Along the inside of the knee
  • Supporting structure connecting tibia to femur
  • Surrounds muscles for stability
78
Q

External Abdominal Oblique

A
  • Outermost abdominal muscles
  • Direction of fibres \ //
79
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A
  • Top layer of abdominal muscles (aka Six-Pack)
  • 2 flat and parallel muscles separated by Linear Alba (CT)
  • “Rectus” = straight | |

BIOL 1410 (3 decks)

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