Lab 3 Checklist Flashcards
Compact Bone
- CT subtype
- Covers external surface of all bones
- Composed of osteons
What are osteons composed of?
- Lamellae
- Lacunae
- Osteonic/Central Canal
- Interosteomic/Perforating Canal
Hyaline Cartilage
- CT subtype
- Cells: Chrondocytes (“pits”) in lacunae
- Matrix: Ground substance, water, collagen fibres
Chondrocytes
Cells responsible for cartilage formation
Lacunae
- Space between matrix where cells live (between lamellae)
- With osteocytes
Osteocytes in Lacunae
- Maintain bone mass
- Promote bone repair
Matrix
- Bone CT
- Ground substance: hydroxyapatite (= insoluble Ca 2+) and Phosphate salts (strength)
- Water
- Collagen fibres (flexibility)
Canaliculi
- Structure of Compact bone
- Small channels that connect Osteocytes to blood supply and to each other
- Lines
Central Canal
- Contain blood vessels and nerves
- Lined with endosteum
Lamellae
Concentric circles of matrix (rings)
Osteocytes
- Bone cells
- Make up 90–95% of the adult bone cell population
- Former osteoblasts that become surrounded by unmineralized matrix (osteoid) during bone formation
Perforating Canals
- Perpendicular to central canal
- Carry blood supply from periosteum to central canals and medullary cavity
Trabeculae
- Made up of irregularly arranged lamellae
- Small tissue element (rod shaped)
- Supports parts within the body or organ
Atlas
- C1 cervical vertebrae
- No body, no spinous process
- Articulates with Occipital Condyle of skull (bony projections fit in like a puzzle)
- Allows nodding “yes”
Axis
- C2 cervical vertebrae
- Dens (= odontoid process)
- Pivot joint around which Atlas swivels
- Allows shaking “no”
Cervical Vertebrae
- There are 7
- Provides mobility and stability to the head while connecting it to the relatively immobile Thoracic Spine
Body (cervical)
- Oval shaped
Dens (cervical)
- aka Odontoid Process
- Superior bony projection from the axis (C2) that the atlas (C1) rotates around
Lamina (cervical)
- Long, narrow, and thinner above than below
- Curve posteromedially
Roof of the spinal canal that provides support and protection for the backside of the spinal cord
Pedicle (cervical)
- Short
- Project posterolaterally
Spinous Process (cervical)
- Short
- Bifid (divided by a deep cleft) to allow nuchal ligament to run through
Transverse Foramina (cervical)
- Holes beside the body
- Gives passage to the vertebral artery and vein, as well as a network of sympathetic nerves
Transverse Process (cervical)
- Short
- Lateral to the Transverse Foramen (on the outside of the holes)
Vertebral Foramen (cervical)
- Large
- Triangular in shape
Ethmoid
- Cranial bone
- Forms superior + middle nasal conchae
- Constitutes the medial orbit wall
Frontal (forehead)
- Cranial (flat) bone
- Connects with the ethmoid bone inferiorly and medially
- Contains small zygomatic bone
Occipital
- Cranial (flat) bone
- Most posterior
- For protection or to provide a broad surface for muscle attachment
Parietal (x2)
- Paired flat cranial bone
- Covers the mid portion of the skull
- Help form the shape of the head and protect the brain
Sphenoid
- Cranial bone
- Helps form the base and lateral sides of the skull in combination with the orbital floor
- Attachment site of many masseter muscles
Temporal (x2)
- Paired cranial bone
- Help form the sides and base of the skull
- Protect the temporal lobe of the brain and surround the ear canal
Inferior Nasal Conchae (x2)
- Facial bone
Lacrimal (x2)
- Facial bone
Mandible
- Facial bone
Maxilla (x2)
- Facial bone
Nasal (x2)
- Facial bone
Palatine (x2)
- Facial bone
Vomer
- Facial bone
Zygomatic (x2)
- Facial bone
Coronal Suture
- Front suture
- Immovable fibrous joint
- No joint cavity
- Fibrous CT
Lamboid Suture
- Back/Occipital suture
- Immovable fibrous joint
- No joint cavity
- Fibrous CT
Sagittal Suture
- Medial/Midline suture
- Immovable fibrous joint
- No joint cavity
- Fibrous CT
Squamous Suture
- Side/Temporal
- Immovable fibrous joint
- No joint cavity
- Fibrous CT
External Auditory Meatus
- Bone marking
- Passageway that leads from the outside of the head to the tympanic membrane
Mastoid Process
- ## Bone marking
Occipital Condyle
- Bone marking
- Oval-shaped osseous structure located at the base of the occipital bone
- Hinge joint allowing flexion and extension of the head
Sella Turcica
- Bone marking
- Saddle-like bony formation on the upper surface of the body of sphenoid bone
Styloid Process
- Bone marking
- Located on inferior part of Temporal bone
- Offers attachment to the stylohyoid ligament and the stylohyoid, stylopharyngeus, and styloglossus muscles
Zygomatic Arch
- Bone marking
Foramen Lacerum
- Foramina
Jugular Foramen
- Foramina
Foramen Magnum
- Foramina
Foramen Ovale
- Foramina
Carotid Canal
- Foramina
Optic Canal
- Foramina
Frontal (fontanelle)
- Anterior fetal skull
Occipital (fontanelle)
- Posterior fetal skull
Mastoid (fontanelle)
- Fetal skull
Sphenoidal (fontanelle)
- Fetal skull
Coronal Suture (fetal)
Lamboid Suture (fetal)
Sagittal Suture (fetal)
Squamous Suture (fetal)
Greater Horn
- Hyoid bone
Lesser Horn
- Hyoid bone
Nuclei
- Skeletal muscle tissue
Sarcolemma
- Skeletal muscle tissue
Striations
- Skeletal muscle tissue
Mitochondria
- Skeletal muscle fibre structure
Myofibrils
- Skeletal muscle fibre structure
Sarcomeres
- Skeletal muscle fibre structure
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
- Skeletal muscle fibre structure
T-tubules
- Skeletal muscle fibre structure
Terminal Cisternae
- Skeletal muscle fibre structure
Triads
- Skeletal muscle fibre structure
Thick Myofilaments (myosin)
- Sarcomere structure
Thin Myofilaments
- Sarcomere structure
Actin
- Thin myofilaments
Tropomyosin
- Thin myofilaments
Troponin
- Thin myofilaments
A-band
- Sarcomere structure
H-zone
- Sarcomere structure
I-band
- Sarcomere structure
M-line
- Sarcomere structure
Z-discs
- Sarcomere structure
Buccinator
Occipitalis
Frontal Belly
- Occipitalis
Occipital Belly
- Occipitalis
Masseter
Orbiculairs Oculi
Orbicularis Oris
Risorius
Sternocleidomastoid
Temporalis
Trapezius
Zygomaticus Major
