Lab 3 Checklist Flashcards
1
Q
Compact Bone
A
- CT subtype
- Covers external surface of all bones
- Composed of osteons
2
Q
What are osteons composed of?
A
- Lamellae
- Lacunae
- Osteonic/Central Canal
- Interosteomic/Perforating Canal
3
Q
Hyaline Cartilage
A
- CT subtype
- Cells: Chrondocytes (“pits”) in lacunae
- Matrix: Ground substance, water, collagen fibres
4
Q
Chondrocytes
A
Cells responsible for cartilage formation
5
Q
Lacunae
A
- Space between matrix where cells live (between lamellae)
- With osteocytes
6
Q
Osteocytes in Lacunae
A
- Maintain bone mass
- Promote bone repair
7
Q
Matrix
A
- Bone CT
- Ground substance: hydroxyapatite (= insoluble Ca 2+) and Phosphate salts (strength)
- Water
- Collagen fibres (flexibility)
8
Q
Canaliculi
A
- Structure of Compact bone
- Small channels that connect Osteocytes to blood supply and to each other
- Lines
9
Q
Central Canal
A
- Contain blood vessels and nerves
- Lined with endosteum
10
Q
Lamellae
A
Concentric circles of matrix (rings)
11
Q
Osteocytes
A
- Bone cells
- Make up 90–95% of the adult bone cell population
- Former osteoblasts that become surrounded by unmineralized matrix (osteoid) during bone formation
12
Q
Perforating Canals
A
- Perpendicular to central canal
- Carry blood supply from periosteum to central canals and medullary cavity
13
Q
Trabeculae
A
- Made up of irregularly arranged lamellae
- Small tissue element (rod shaped)
- Supports parts within the body or organ
14
Q
Atlas
A
- C1 cervical vertebrae
- No body, no spinous process
- Articulates with Occipital Condyle of skull (bony projections fit in like a puzzle)
- Allows nodding “yes”
15
Q
Axis
A
- C2 cervical vertebrae
- Dens (= odontoid process)
- Pivot joint around which Atlas swivels
- Allows shaking “no”
16
Q
Cervical Vertebrae
A
- There are 7
- Provides mobility and stability to the head while connecting it to the relatively immobile Thoracic Spine
17
Q
Body (cervical)
A
- Oval shaped
18
Q
Dens (cervical)
A
- aka Odontoid Process
- Superior bony projection from the axis (C2) that the atlas (C1) rotates around
19
Q
Lamina (cervical)
A
- Long, narrow, and thinner above than below
- Curve posteromedially
Roof of the spinal canal that provides support and protection for the backside of the spinal cord
20
Q
Pedicle (cervical)
A
- Short
- Project posterolaterally
21
Q
Spinous Process (cervical)
A
- Short
- Bifid (divided by a deep cleft) to allow nuchal ligament to run through
22
Q
Transverse Foramina (cervical)
A
- Holes beside the body
- Gives passage to the vertebral artery and vein, as well as a network of sympathetic nerves
23
Q
Transverse Process (cervical)
A
- Short
- Lateral to the Transverse Foramen (on the outside of the holes)
24
Q
Vertebral Foramen (cervical)
A
- Large
- Triangular in shape
25
Q
Ethmoid
A
- Cranial bone
- Forms superior + middle nasal conchae
- Constitutes the medial orbit wall
26
Q
Frontal (forehead)
A
- Cranial (flat) bone
- Connects with the ethmoid bone inferiorly and medially
- Contains small zygomatic bone
27
Q
Occipital
A
- Cranial (flat) bone
- Most posterior
- For protection or to provide a broad surface for muscle attachment
28
Q
Parietal (x2)
A
- Paired flat cranial bone
- Covers the mid portion of the skull
- Help form the shape of the head and protect the brain
29
Q
Sphenoid
A
- Cranial bone
- Helps form the base and lateral sides of the skull in combination with the orbital floor
- Attachment site of many masseter muscles
30
Q
Temporal (x2)
A
- Paired cranial bone
- Help form the sides and base of the skull
- Protect the temporal lobe of the brain and surround the ear canal
31
Q
Inferior Nasal Conchae (x2)
A
- Facial bone
32
Q
Lacrimal (x2)
A
- Facial bone
33
Q
Mandible
A
- Facial bone
34
Q
Maxilla (x2)
A
- Facial bone
35
Q
Nasal (x2)
A
- Facial bone
36
Q
Palatine (x2)
A
- Facial bone
37
Q
Vomer
A
- Facial bone
38
Q
Zygomatic (x2)
A
- Facial bone
