- CT subtype - Covers external surface of all bones - Composed of osteons

- CT subtype - Cells: Chrondocytes (pits) in lacunae - Matrix: Ground substance, water, collagen fibres

- Space between matrix where cells live (between lamellae) - With osteocytes

- Bone CT - Ground substance: hydroxyapatite (= insoluble Ca 2+) and Phosphate salts (strength) - Water - Collagen fibres (flexibility)

- Structure of Compact bone - Small channels that connect Osteocytes to blood supply and to each other - Lines

- Contain blood vessels and nerves - Lined with endosteum

- Bone cells - Make up 90–95% of the adult bone cell population - Former osteoblasts that become surrounded by unmineralized matrix (osteoid) during bone formation

- Perpendicular to central canal - Carry blood supply from periosteum to central canals and medullary cavity

- Made up of irregularly arranged lamellae - Small tissue element (rod shaped) - Supports parts within the body or organ

- C1 cervical vertebrae - No body, no spinous process - Articulates with Occipital Condyle of skull (bony projections fit in like a puzzle) - Allows nodding "yes"

- C2 cervical vertebrae - Dens (= odontoid process) - Pivot joint around which Atlas swivels - Allows shaking "no"

- There are 7 - Provides mobility and stability to the head while connecting it to the relatively immobile Thoracic Spine

- aka Odontoid Process - Superior bony projection from the axis (C2) that the atlas (C1) rotates around

- Long, narrow, and thinner above than below - Curve posteromedially Roof of the spinal canal that provides support and protection for the backside of the spinal cord

- Short - Project posterolaterally

Lab 3 Checklist Flashcards by Ava Manalastas

Compact Bone

CT subtype
Covers external surface of all bones
Composed of osteons

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What are osteons composed of?

Lamellae
Lacunae
Osteonic/Central Canal
Interosteomic/Perforating Canal

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Hyaline Cartilage

CT subtype
Cells: Chrondocytes (“pits”) in lacunae
Matrix: Ground substance, water, collagen fibres

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Chondrocytes

Cells responsible for cartilage formation

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Lacunae

Space between matrix where cells live (between lamellae)
With osteocytes

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Osteocytes in Lacunae

Maintain bone mass
Promote bone repair

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Matrix

Bone CT
Ground substance: hydroxyapatite (= insoluble Ca 2+) and Phosphate salts (strength)
Water
Collagen fibres (flexibility)

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Canaliculi

Structure of Compact bone
Small channels that connect Osteocytes to blood supply and to each other
Lines

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Central Canal

Contain blood vessels and nerves
Lined with endosteum

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Lamellae

Concentric circles of matrix (rings)

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Osteocytes

Bone cells
Make up 90–95% of the adult bone cell population
Former osteoblasts that become surrounded by unmineralized matrix (osteoid) during bone formation

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Perforating Canals

Perpendicular to central canal
Carry blood supply from periosteum to central canals and medullary cavity

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Trabeculae

Made up of irregularly arranged lamellae
Small tissue element (rod shaped)
Supports parts within the body or organ

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Atlas

C1 cervical vertebrae
No body, no spinous process
Articulates with Occipital Condyle of skull (bony projections fit in like a puzzle)
Allows nodding “yes”

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Axis

C2 cervical vertebrae
Dens (= odontoid process)
Pivot joint around which Atlas swivels
Allows shaking “no”

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Cervical Vertebrae

There are 7
Provides mobility and stability to the head while connecting it to the relatively immobile Thoracic Spine

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Body (cervical)

Oval shaped

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Dens (cervical)

aka Odontoid Process
Superior bony projection from the axis (C2) that the atlas (C1) rotates around

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Lamina (cervical)

Long, narrow, and thinner above than below
Curve posteromedially
Roof of the spinal canal that provides support and protection for the backside of the spinal cord

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Pedicle (cervical)

Short
Project posterolaterally

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Spinous Process (cervical)

Short
Bifid (divided by a deep cleft) to allow nuchal ligament to run through

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Transverse Foramina (cervical)

Holes beside the body
Gives passage to the vertebral artery and vein, as well as a network of sympathetic nerves

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Transverse Process (cervical)

Short
Lateral to the Transverse Foramen (on the outside of the holes)

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Vertebral Foramen (cervical)

Large
Triangular in shape

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Ethmoid

- Cranial bone - Forms superior + middle nasal conchae - Constitutes the medial orbit wall

Frontal (forehead)

- Cranial (flat) bone - Connects with the ethmoid bone inferiorly and medially - Contains small zygomatic bone

Occipital

- Cranial (flat) bone - Most posterior - For protection or to provide a broad surface for muscle attachment

Parietal (x2)

- Paired flat cranial bone - Covers the mid portion of the skull - Help form the shape of the head and protect the brain

Sphenoid

- Cranial bone - Helps form the base and lateral sides of the skull in combination with the orbital floor - Attachment site of many masseter muscles

Temporal (x2)

- Paired cranial bone - Help form the sides and base of the skull - Protect the temporal lobe of the brain and surround the ear canal

Inferior Nasal Conchae (x2)

- Facial bone

Lacrimal (x2)

- Facial bone

Mandible

- Facial bone

Maxilla (x2)

- Facial bone

Nasal (x2)

- Facial bone

Palatine (x2)

- Facial bone

Vomer

- Facial bone

Zygomatic (x2)

- Facial bone

Coronal Suture

- Front suture - Immovable fibrous joint - No joint cavity - Fibrous CT

Lamboid Suture

- Back/Occipital suture - Immovable fibrous joint - No joint cavity - Fibrous CT

Sagittal Suture

- Medial/Midline suture - Immovable fibrous joint - No joint cavity - Fibrous CT

Squamous Suture

- Side/Temporal - Immovable fibrous joint - No joint cavity - Fibrous CT

External Auditory Meatus

- Bone marking - Passageway that leads from the outside of the head to the tympanic membrane

Mastoid Process

- Bone marking -

Occipital Condyle

- Bone marking - Oval-shaped osseous structure located at the base of the occipital bone - Hinge joint allowing flexion and extension of the head

Sella Turcica

- Bone marking - Saddle-like bony formation on the upper surface of the body of sphenoid bone

Styloid Process

- Bone marking - Located on inferior part of Temporal bone - Offers attachment to the stylohyoid ligament and the stylohyoid, stylopharyngeus, and styloglossus muscles

Zygomatic Arch

- Bone marking

Foramen Lacerum

- Foramina

Jugular Foramen

- Foramina

Foramen Magnum

- Foramina

Foramen Ovale

- Foramina

Carotid Canal

- Foramina

Optic Canal

- Foramina

Frontal (fontanelle)

- Anterior fetal skull

Occipital (fontanelle)

- Posterior fetal skull

Mastoid (fontanelle)

- Fetal skull

Sphenoidal (fontanelle)

- Fetal skull

Coronal Suture (fetal)

Lamboid Suture (fetal)

Sagittal Suture (fetal)

Squamous Suture (fetal)

Greater Horn

- Hyoid bone

Lesser Horn

- Hyoid bone

Nuclei

- Skeletal muscle tissue

Sarcolemma

- Skeletal muscle tissue

Striations

- Skeletal muscle tissue

Mitochondria