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BIOL 1410 > Lab 4 Checklist > Flashcards

Lab 4 Checklist Flashcards

1
Q

Diaphysis

A
  • Long bone structure
  • aka Shaft
  • Main portion of a long bone; provides most of their length
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2
Q

Epiphyses

A
  • Long bone structure
  • Proximal + distal extremities
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3
Q

Medullary Cavity

A
  • Long bone structure
  • Contains red marrow in children, yellow marrow in adults
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4
Q

Spongy Bone

A
  • Long bone structure
  • NO osteons
  • Have trabeculae (irregularly arranged lamellae)
  • Canaliculi connect osteocytes in lacunae
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5
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae

A
  • 12 vertebrae
  • ALL articulate with ribs (thoracic cage) via costal facets
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6
Q

Body (thoracic)

A
  • Medium sized (smaller than lumbar, bigger than cervical)
  • Heart-shaped
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7
Q

Lamina (thoracic)

A
  • Broad, thick, and imbricated
  • Connect with the pedicles to surround and protect the spinal cord
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8
Q

Pedicle (thoracic)

A
  • Connected with lamina
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9
Q

Spinous Process (thoracic)

A
  • More pointed than other vertebrae
  • Angle sharply downward
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10
Q

Transverse Process (thoracic)

A
  • Has cranial nerves & blood vessels
  • Bony process that arises from the vertebral arch
  • For the attaching of the rib tubercle
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11
Q

Vertebral Foramen (thoracic)

A
  • Large opening
  • Posterior to the body
  • Forms spinal canal through which the spinal cord passes
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12
Q

Costal Cartilages

A
  • Thoracic cage; found at the anterior ends of the ribs
  • Bars of Hyaline Cartilage that prolong the ribs forward
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13
Q

False Ribs

A
  • Thoracic cage
  • 5 pairs
  • Either ATTACH INDIRECTLY to sternum via costal cartilage (8-10)
  • or not at all = FLOATING RIBS (11 & 12 - embedded in muscle)
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14
Q

Sternum

A
  • aka Breast Bone
  • 3 parts: Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid Process
  • Partially T-shaped vertical bone
  • Forms the anterior portion of the chest wall centrally
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15
Q

True Ribs

A
  • Thoracic cage
  • Attach DIRECTLY to sternum via costal cartilage (hyaline cartilage)
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16
Q

Body (sternum)

A
  • Middle part of sternum
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17
Q

Manubrium

A
  • Superior part of sternum
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18
Q

Xiphoid Process

A
  • Inferior part of sternum
  • Is cartilage in kids & young adults
  • Can be damaged during CPR
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19
Q

Acromion Process

A
  • Belongs to scapula
  • Articulates with clavicle
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20
Q

Coracoid Process

A
  • Belongs to scapula
  • Attaches muscles for arm and chest
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21
Q

Glenoid Fossa (cavity)

A
  • Belongs to scapula
  • Articulates with head of humerus
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22
Q

Lateral Border

A
  • Oblique side of scapula
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23
Q

Medial Border

A
  • Inner side of scapula
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24
Q

Spine (scapula)

A
  • Prominent ridge of bone
  • Separates the posterior surface of scapula -> superior supraspinous fossa and inferior infraspinous fossa
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25
Q

Acromial Extremity

A
  • Clavicle (collarbone x2)
  • Rounded, medial end
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26
Q

Sternal Extremity

A
  • Clavicle (collarbone x2)
  • Flat and thin
  • Lateral end
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27
Q

Carpals

A
  • 8 in the wrist (anatomically)
  • NOT long bones
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28
Q

Humerus

A
  • Long bone
  • Olecranon fossa (cavity) is posterior
  • Head (rounded end) is medial
  • Articulates with the scapula (@ glenoid fossa/cavity)
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29
Q

Metacarpals

A
  • 5 in palm (anatomically) before fingers
  • Long bones
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30
Q

Phalanges

A
  • 14 “digits” in fingers and toes
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31
Q

Radius

A
  • Lateral bone in forearm
  • Thumbs-up = Rad
32
Q

Ulna

A
  • Medial bone in forearm
33
Q

Anatomical Neck

A
  • Belongs to humerus
  • Residual epiphyseal plate
  • Between the head and the tuberosities
34
Q

Capitulum

A
  • Belongs to humerus
  • Smooth, rounded eminence (front and lower part of the bone)
  • Articulates with the head of the radius
35
Q

Deltoid Tuberosity

A
  • Belongs to humerus
  • Rough triangular area on the anterolateral surface, middle of humerus
  • Attachment point for the Deltoid muscle
36
Q

Head (humerus)

A
  • Proximal articular surface of the upper extremity
  • Articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula
  • The ball in the “ball and socket” joint
37
Q

Lateral Epicondyle

A
  • Belongs to humerus
  • Bump on the outer side of the elbow
  • Attachment site for radial collateral ligament of elbow joint…
38
Q

Medial Epicondyle

A
  • Belongs to humerus
  • Bony projection found at the distal end of humerus
  • Secondary growth centre at the elbow
39
Q

Olecranon Fossa

A
  • Belongs to humerus
  • Deep triangular depression on the posterior side of the humerus
  • Superior to the trochlea
  • Provides space for Olecrana of the Ulna during forearm extension
40
Q

Trochlea

A
  • Belongs to humerus
  • Medial portion of the articular surface of the elbow joint
  • Articulates with trochlear notch on ulna
41
Q

Olecranon Process

A
  • Large, thick, bony eminence of Ulna
  • Most proximal part of the bone
  • Flat top of Ulna
42
Q

Styloid Process (ulna)

A
  • Bony projection at distal end of ulna (small bump)
  • Continuation of the Subcutaneous Ridge of the shaft of Ulna
  • Attachment site for forearm, wrist and hand muscles
43
Q

Trochlear Notch

A
  • Is concave; large depression in proximal Ulna
  • Trochlea of Humerus fits into this (part of elbow joint)
44
Q

Head (radius)

A
  • Just below elbow
  • Cylindrical form; shallow cup on top for articulation with Humerus (@ capitulum)
45
Q

Styloid Process (radius)

A
  • Projection on lateral surface of distal Radius bone
  • Extends obliquely downward (sticks out)
  • Attachment site for Brachioradialis and Radial Collateral Ligament
46
Q

Deltoid

A
  • Triangular muscle (DELTa)
  • Covers the top of shoulder
  • Lies over the glenohumeral joint
47
Q

Infraspinatus

A
  • Thick, triangular muscle
  • Occupies most of the Infraspinous Fossa of the Scapula
  • Belongs to rotator cuff (Supraspinatus, INFRASPINATUS, Teres Minor, Subscapularis)
48
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A
  • Broad, flat muscle
  • Occupies most of the lower posterior Thorax
  • Powerful adductor and depressor of the Humerus
  • Also a respiratory accessory muscle
49
Q

Pectoralis Major

A
  • Superior most & largest muscle of anterior chest wall
  • Thick, fan shape
  • Powerful adductor and depressor of the Humerus
  • Attached to the Humerus
  • Rotates the arm forward
50
Q

Serratus Anterior

A
  • Fan-shaped muscle
  • Originates on super-lateral surfaces (8th/9th ribs)
  • Inserts; scapula
  • Main part lies deep under the Scapula and Pectoral muscles
  • Scapular stabilizer
51
Q

Subscapularis

A
  • Large triangular muscle
  • Originates; Subscapularis Fossa
  • Inserts; Lesser Tuberosity of Humerus. shoulder Joint Capsule
  • Under (sub) Wingbone (scapula)
  • Stongest of 4 Rotator Cuff muscles
52
Q

Supraspinatus

A
  • Smallest of 4 Rotator Cuff muscles (in Supraspinatus fossa)
  • Travels underneath acromion
  • Origin; Supraspinatus Fossa
  • Inserts; Greater Tuberosity of Humerus, superior facet
53
Q

Teres Major

A
  • Small muscle
  • Runs along lateral border of Scapula
  • Facilitates shoulder movement (“Lat’s little helper”)
  • Origin; Scapula
  • Inserts; Intertubercular groove of Humerus
54
Q

Teres Minor

A
  • Narrow muscle
  • Lies below Infraspinatus, above Teres major and Triceps Brachii, deep to Deltoid
  • 1 of 4 Rotator Cuff muscles
  • Origin; Scapula
  • Insertion; Inferior facet of greater tubercle of Humerus
55
Q

Trapezius

A
  • Broad, flat, superficial muscle
  • Extends from Cervical to Thoracic region
  • Contributes to head balance (muscular control of cervical)
  • Origin; C7- T12, Nuchal Ligament…
  • Insertion; Clavicle, Acromion, Spine of Scapula
56
Q

Biceps Brachii

A
  • aka Biceps
  • Large, thick muscle of Upper arm
  • Generates movements in GLenohumeral, elbow and radio- ulnar joints
  • Origin; Scapula
  • Insertion; Fascia of Forearm (bicipital aponeurosis)
57
Q

Brachialis

A
  • Posterolateral
58
Q

Brachioradialis

A
59
Q

Triceps Brachii

A
60
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

A
61
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

A
62
Q

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

A
63
Q

Extensor Digitorium

A
64
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis

A
65
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A
66
Q

Palmaris Longus

A
67
Q

Pronator Teres

A
68
Q

Acromioclavicular Ligament

A
69
Q

Coracoacromial Ligament

A
70
Q

Coracoclavicular Ligament

A
71
Q

Coracohumeral Ligament

A
72
Q

Joint Capsule (shoulder)

A
  • Synovial fluid filled sac
  • Keeps the Humeral Head in contact with Glenoid Fossa
73
Q

Annular Ligament

A
  • Strong band of fibers
  • Wrapped around Head of Radius and attach to Ulna
  • Stabilizes Radius in the Elbow Joint
  • Rotates the hand
74
Q

Joint Capsule (elbow)

A
  • A watertight sac formed by Ligaments around elbow joint
  • Surrounds elbow joint
  • Contains synovial fluid (lubricating)
75
Q

Radial Collateral Ligament

A
  • Strong, short, thin band of Tissue
  • Connects from humerus to radius (lateral side)
  • Provides stability against inner to outer stress on elbow

BIOL 1410 (3 decks)

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