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BIOL 1410 > Lab 4 Checklist > Flashcards

Lab 4 Checklist Flashcards

1
Q

Diaphysis

A
  • Long bone structure
  • aka Shaft
  • Main portion of a long bone; provides most of their length
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2
Q

Epiphyses

A
  • Long bone structure
  • Proximal + distal extremities
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3
Q

Medullary Cavity

A
  • Long bone structure
  • Contains red marrow in children, yellow marrow in adults
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4
Q

Spongy Bone

A
  • Long bone structure
  • NO osteons
  • Have trabeculae (irregularly arranged lamellae)
  • Canaliculi connect osteocytes in lacunae
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5
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae

A
  • 12 vertebrae
  • ALL articulate with ribs (thoracic cage) via costal facets
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6
Q

Body (thoracic)

A
  • Medium sized (smaller than lumbar, bigger than cervical)
  • Heart-shaped
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7
Q

Lamina (thoracic)

A
  • Broad, thick, and imbricated
  • Connect with the pedicles to surround and protect the spinal cord
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8
Q

Pedicle (thoracic)

A
  • Connected with lamina
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9
Q

Spinous Process (thoracic)

A
  • More pointed than other vertebrae
  • Angle sharply downward
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10
Q

Transverse Process (thoracic)

A
  • Has cranial nerves & blood vessels
  • Bony process that arises from the vertebral arch
  • For the attaching of the rib tubercle
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11
Q

Vertebral Foramen (thoracic)

A
  • Large opening
  • Posterior to the body
  • Forms spinal canal through which the spinal cord passes
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12
Q

Costal Cartilages

A
  • Thoracic cage; found at the anterior ends of the ribs
  • Bars of Hyaline Cartilage that prolong the ribs forward
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13
Q

False Ribs

A
  • Thoracic cage
  • 5 pairs
  • Either ATTACH INDIRECTLY to sternum via costal cartilage (8-10)
  • or not at all = FLOATING RIBS (11 & 12 - embedded in muscle)
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14
Q

Sternum

A
  • aka Breast Bone
  • 3 parts: Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid Process
  • Partially T-shaped vertical bone
  • Forms the anterior portion of the chest wall centrally
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15
Q

True Ribs

A
  • Thoracic cage
  • Attach DIRECTLY to sternum via costal cartilage (hyaline cartilage)
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16
Q

Body (sternum)

A
  • Middle part of sternum
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17
Q

Manubrium

A
  • Superior part of sternum
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18
Q

Xiphoid Process

A
  • Inferior part of sternum
  • Is cartilage in kids & young adults
  • Can be damaged during CPR
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19
Q

Acromion Process

A
  • Belongs to scapula
  • Articulates with clavicle
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20
Q

Coracoid Process

A
  • Belongs to scapula
  • Attaches muscles for arm and chest
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21
Q

Glenoid Fossa (cavity)

A
  • Belongs to scapula
  • Articulates with head of humerus
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22
Q

Lateral Border

A
  • Oblique side of scapula
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23
Q

Medial Border

A
  • Inner side of scapula
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24
Q

Spine (scapula)

A
  • Prominent ridge of bone
  • Separates the posterior surface of scapula -> superior supraspinous fossa and inferior infraspinous fossa
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25
Acromial Extremity
- Clavicle (collarbone x2) - Rounded, medial end
26
Sternal Extremity
- Clavicle (collarbone x2) - Flat and thin - Lateral end
27
Carpals
- 8 in the wrist (anatomically) - NOT long bones
28
Humerus
- Long bone - Olecranon fossa (cavity) is posterior - Head (rounded end) is medial - Articulates with the scapula (@ glenoid fossa/cavity)
29
Metacarpals
- 5 in palm (anatomically) before fingers - Long bones
30
Phalanges
- 14 "digits" in fingers and toes
31
Radius
- Lateral bone in forearm - *Thumbs-up = Rad*
32
Ulna
- Medial bone in forearm
33
Anatomical Neck
- Belongs to humerus - Residual epiphyseal plate - Between the head and the tuberosities
34
Capitulum
- Belongs to humerus - Smooth, rounded eminence (front and lower part of the bone) - Articulates with the head of the radius
35
Deltoid Tuberosity
- Belongs to humerus - Rough triangular area on the anterolateral surface, middle of humerus - Attachment point for the Deltoid muscle
36
Head (humerus)
- Proximal articular surface of the upper extremity - Articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula - The ball in the "ball and socket" joint
37
Lateral Epicondyle
- Belongs to humerus - Bump on the outer side of the elbow - Attachment site for radial collateral ligament of elbow joint...
38
Medial Epicondyle
- Belongs to humerus - Bony projection found at the distal end of humerus - Secondary growth centre at the elbow
39
Olecranon Fossa
- Belongs to humerus - Deep triangular depression on the posterior side of the humerus - Superior to the trochlea - Provides space for Olecrana of the Ulna during forearm extension
40
Trochlea
- Belongs to humerus - Medial portion of the articular surface of the elbow joint - Articulates with trochlear notch on ulna
41
Olecranon Process
- Large, thick, bony eminence of Ulna - Most proximal part of the bone - Flat top of Ulna
42
Styloid Process (ulna)
- Bony projection at distal end of ulna (small bump) - Continuation of the Subcutaneous Ridge of the shaft of Ulna - Attachment site for forearm, wrist and hand muscles
43
Trochlear Notch
- Is concave; large depression in proximal Ulna - Trochlea of Humerus fits into this (part of elbow joint)
44
Head (radius)
- Just below elbow - Cylindrical form; shallow cup on top for articulation with Humerus (@ capitulum)
45
Styloid Process (radius)
- Projection on lateral surface of distal Radius bone - Extends obliquely downward (sticks out) - Attachment site for Brachioradialis and Radial Collateral Ligament
46
Deltoid
- Triangular muscle (DELTa) - Covers the top of shoulder - Lies over the glenohumeral joint
47
Infraspinatus
- Thick, triangular muscle - Occupies most of the Infraspinous Fossa of the Scapula - Belongs to rotator cuff (Supraspinatus, INFRASPINATUS, Teres Minor, Subscapularis)
48
Latissimus Dorsi
- Broad, flat muscle - Occupies most of the lower posterior Thorax - Powerful adductor and depressor of the Humerus - Also a respiratory accessory muscle
49
Pectoralis Major
- Superior most & largest muscle of anterior chest wall - Thick, fan shape - Powerful adductor and depressor of the Humerus - Attached to the Humerus - Rotates the arm forward
50
Serratus Anterior
- Fan-shaped muscle - Originates on super-lateral surfaces (8th/9th ribs) - Inserts; scapula - Main part lies deep under the Scapula and Pectoral muscles - Scapular stabilizer
51
Subscapularis
- Large triangular muscle - Originates; Subscapularis Fossa - Inserts; Lesser Tuberosity of Humerus. shoulder Joint Capsule - Under (sub) Wingbone (scapula) - Stongest of 4 Rotator Cuff muscles
52
Supraspinatus
- Smallest of 4 Rotator Cuff muscles (in Supraspinatus fossa) - Travels underneath acromion - Origin; Supraspinatus Fossa - Inserts; Greater Tuberosity of Humerus, superior facet
53
Teres Major
- Small muscle - Runs along lateral border of Scapula - Facilitates shoulder movement ("Lat's little helper") - Origin; Scapula - Inserts; Intertubercular groove of Humerus
54
Teres Minor
- Narrow muscle - Lies below Infraspinatus, above Teres major and Triceps Brachii, deep to Deltoid - 1 of 4 Rotator Cuff muscles - Origin; Scapula - Insertion; Inferior facet of greater tubercle of Humerus
55
Trapezius
- Broad, flat, superficial muscle - Extends from Cervical to Thoracic region - Contributes to head balance (muscular control of cervical) - Origin; C7- T12, Nuchal Ligament... - Insertion; Clavicle, Acromion, Spine of Scapula
56
Biceps Brachii
- aka Biceps - Large, thick muscle of Upper arm - Generates movements in GLenohumeral, elbow and radio- ulnar joints - Origin; Scapula - Insertion; Fascia of Forearm (bicipital aponeurosis)
57
Brachialis
- Posterolateral
58
Brachioradialis
59
Triceps Brachii
60
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
61
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
62
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
63
Extensor Digitorium
64
Flexor Carpi Radialis
65
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
66
Palmaris Longus
67
Pronator Teres
68
Acromioclavicular Ligament
69
Coracoacromial Ligament
70
Coracoclavicular Ligament
71
Coracohumeral Ligament
72
Joint Capsule (shoulder)
- Synovial fluid filled sac - Keeps the Humeral Head in contact with Glenoid Fossa
73
Annular Ligament
- Strong band of fibers - Wrapped around Head of Radius and attach to Ulna - Stabilizes Radius in the Elbow Joint - Rotates the hand
74
Joint Capsule (elbow)
- A watertight sac formed by Ligaments around elbow joint - Surrounds elbow joint - Contains synovial fluid (lubricating)
75
Radial Collateral Ligament
- Strong, short, thin band of Tissue - Connects from humerus to radius (lateral side) - Provides stability against inner to outer stress on elbow

BIOL 1410 (3 decks)

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