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Parasitology Lab > Lab 5 > Flashcards

Lab 5 Flashcards

Apicomplexans II

1
Q

What species do we need to know? (6)

A
  • Plasmodium vivax, falciparum, and malariae

- Babesia bigemina, microti, canis

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2
Q

Plasmodium:

  • Microgamont produces ___ flagellated microgametes
  • zygote is motile
  • naked sporozoites
  • undergoes ____ in vertebrate host and ____ in invertebrate host
A
  • 8
  • merogony
  • sporogony
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3
Q

Ookinete-

A

motile zygote formed in insect gut by fertilization (syngamy)

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4
Q

hemozoin-

A

an insoluble pigment produced in RBC’s as an end product in the digestion of hemoglobin by trophozoites of the Plasmodium sp.

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5
Q

Circumsporozoite protein

A

a surface protein on sporozoite of Plasmodium sp which attaches to receptors on cell membrane of hepatocytes.

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6
Q

cryptosporozoite-

A

schizont in the liver

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7
Q

hypnozoites-

A
  • a sporozoite in the liver that becomes dormant without undergoing schizogony
  • survives as a latent source of new organisms; considered to be the source of organisms in relapsing malarias
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8
Q

Schuffner’s dots-

A

appear as stippling in cytoplasm of infected RBC. Actually these are small surface invaginations of cell membrane

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9
Q

Tertian malaria-

A

periodicity in schizogony results in rupture of RBC’s and release of merozoites every 48 hours, with resultant clinical signs of fever and chills, etc.

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10
Q

quartian malaria-

A

periodicity results in release every 72 hours

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11
Q

exo-erythrocytic phase of life cycle (PE, EE cycle)-

A

with Plasmodium sp., occurs in liver.

  • is asexual
  • sporozoite–> trophozoite–> schizogony–> merozoites
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12
Q

erythrocytic phase of life cycle:

A

asexual; merozoites penetrate RBC’s and undergo schizogony

-merozoite–> schizogony–> 2nd generation merozoites–> repeat process

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13
Q

some merozoites from the erythrocytic phase enter RBC’s and transform into ______, which is infective stage for mosquitos

A

gametocytes

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14
Q

Sexual phase of plasmodium occurs in _____

A

mosquito gut

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15
Q

When mosquito drinks infected blood, gametocytes lose RBC membrane, then macrogametocytes turn into _______, and micro gametocytes do what?

A
  • macrogametes

- undergo multiple nuclear divisions to produce 8 microgametes

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16
Q

Plasmodium fertilization in mosquito gut produces ______, which thin do what?

A
  • motile ookinetes

- penetrate the gut epithelium and become oocyst

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17
Q

Sporogony takes place in oocysts to produce how many sporozoites? (in plasmodium)

A

many

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18
Q

Plasmodium sporozoites rupture the oocyst, and migrate where?

A

to the salivary gland o be transmitted via saliva w/ next meal

19
Q

Exflagellation-

A

release of microgametes from micro gametocyte. Each flagellum is a microgamete

20
Q

Plasmodium:
Infective stage for vert. host-
infective stage for invert. host-

A
  • sporozoite

- gametocytes

21
Q

Relapsing Malaria-

A

reappearance of parasitemia and clinical signs in sporozoite-induced infection following chemotherapy.
-reinfection occurs from latent sporozoite forms in liver becoming active and undergoing schizogony. Mosquitos are not involved

22
Q

Recrudescing Malaria-

A

reappearance of parasitemia and clinical signs from organisms in a chronic very low level RBC infection that has been asymptomatic

23
Q

Induced malaria-

A

mechanical transmission of malaria from blood of infected individual in blood transfusion or unsterile syringes
-has been transmitted during birth to neonate

24
Q

Congenital malaria-

A

rare that the Plasmodium sp. will cross the placental barrier but has been known to occur

25
Q

Malaria means “_____”

A

bad air

26
Q

Malaria vector is:

A

Anopheline mosquito

27
Q

of about 300 species of Anopheles, ____ can infect people.

A

60

28
Q

What are the 4 plasmodium species?

A

P. falciparum, vivax, malariae, ovale

29
Q

When a mosquito infects you with sporozoites, they rapidly travel to what location?

A

your liver

30
Q

Once sporozoites reach your liver, they penetrate hepatocytes, become _______, and undergo _____ to produce _______ within _______

A
  • trophozoites
  • schizogony
  • merozoites
  • cryptozoites
31
Q 
Each sporozoite that enters the liver produces a certain number of merozoites over a specific duration. List these details by species:
P. vivax-
P. ovale-
P. malariae-
P. falciparum-
A
  • 6-8 days/10,000 merozoites
  • 9 days/15,000
  • 12-16 days/2,000
  • 5-7 days/40,000
32
Q

P. vivax P. ovale develop _____ in the liver. P. malaria and falciparum do not.

A

hypnozoites

33
Q

Which two species can cause relapsing malaria?

A

vivax and ovale

34
Q

Erythrocytic phase for malaria: ______ from liver enter RBC’s to form _______, which grow by feeding on _______. This feeding produces ________ pigment.

A
  • merozoites
  • trophozoites
  • hemoglobin
  • hemozoin
35
Q

Plasmodium erythrocytic phase cont.:
when trophozoites mature in RBC’s, they undergo ______ to produce another generation of _______ which rupture RBC’s to invade new RBC’s. Some of these will differentiate into ________

A
  • schizogony
  • merozoites
  • gametocytes
36
Q

Gametocytes are infective stage for _______

A

mosquito

37
Q

clinical signs of malaria result from:

A

rupture of RBC’s

38
Q

merozoite formation and schizogony are synchronized in RBC’s (_________) so that virtually all infected cells rupture _________

A
  • periodicity

- simultaneously

39
Q

P. falciparum causes “_________” malaria

A

malignant tertian

40
Q

Which plasmodium is the most pathogenic and most lethal

A

P. falciparum

41
Q

which plasmodium causes the most parasitemia

A

P. falciparum

42
Q

which plasmodium infects RBC’s of all ages

A

P. falciparum

43
Q

Which plasmodium is most prevalent

A

P. falciparum

44
Q

Does P. falciparum have hypnozoites?

A

no

Parasitology Lab (10 decks)

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