Lab 5 Flashcards
Apicomplexans II
What species do we need to know? (6)
- Plasmodium vivax, falciparum, and malariae
- Babesia bigemina, microti, canis
Plasmodium:
- Microgamont produces ___ flagellated microgametes
- zygote is motile
- naked sporozoites
- undergoes ____ in vertebrate host and ____ in invertebrate host
- 8
- merogony
- sporogony
Ookinete-
motile zygote formed in insect gut by fertilization (syngamy)
hemozoin-
an insoluble pigment produced in RBC’s as an end product in the digestion of hemoglobin by trophozoites of the Plasmodium sp.
Circumsporozoite protein
a surface protein on sporozoite of Plasmodium sp which attaches to receptors on cell membrane of hepatocytes.
cryptosporozoite-
schizont in the liver
hypnozoites-
- a sporozoite in the liver that becomes dormant without undergoing schizogony
- survives as a latent source of new organisms; considered to be the source of organisms in relapsing malarias
Schuffner’s dots-
appear as stippling in cytoplasm of infected RBC. Actually these are small surface invaginations of cell membrane
Tertian malaria-
periodicity in schizogony results in rupture of RBC’s and release of merozoites every 48 hours, with resultant clinical signs of fever and chills, etc.
quartian malaria-
periodicity results in release every 72 hours
exo-erythrocytic phase of life cycle (PE, EE cycle)-
with Plasmodium sp., occurs in liver.
- is asexual
- sporozoite–> trophozoite–> schizogony–> merozoites
erythrocytic phase of life cycle:
asexual; merozoites penetrate RBC’s and undergo schizogony
-merozoite–> schizogony–> 2nd generation merozoites–> repeat process
some merozoites from the erythrocytic phase enter RBC’s and transform into ______, which is infective stage for mosquitos
gametocytes
Sexual phase of plasmodium occurs in _____
mosquito gut
When mosquito drinks infected blood, gametocytes lose RBC membrane, then macrogametocytes turn into _______, and micro gametocytes do what?
- macrogametes
- undergo multiple nuclear divisions to produce 8 microgametes
Plasmodium fertilization in mosquito gut produces ______, which thin do what?
- motile ookinetes
- penetrate the gut epithelium and become oocyst
Sporogony takes place in oocysts to produce how many sporozoites? (in plasmodium)
many
Plasmodium sporozoites rupture the oocyst, and migrate where?
to the salivary gland o be transmitted via saliva w/ next meal
Exflagellation-
release of microgametes from micro gametocyte. Each flagellum is a microgamete
Plasmodium:
Infective stage for vert. host-
infective stage for invert. host-
- sporozoite
- gametocytes
Relapsing Malaria-
reappearance of parasitemia and clinical signs in sporozoite-induced infection following chemotherapy.
-reinfection occurs from latent sporozoite forms in liver becoming active and undergoing schizogony. Mosquitos are not involved
Recrudescing Malaria-
reappearance of parasitemia and clinical signs from organisms in a chronic very low level RBC infection that has been asymptomatic
Induced malaria-
mechanical transmission of malaria from blood of infected individual in blood transfusion or unsterile syringes
-has been transmitted during birth to neonate
Congenital malaria-
rare that the Plasmodium sp. will cross the placental barrier but has been known to occur
Malaria means “_____”
bad air
Malaria vector is:
Anopheline mosquito
of about 300 species of Anopheles, ____ can infect people.
60
What are the 4 plasmodium species?
P. falciparum, vivax, malariae, ovale
When a mosquito infects you with sporozoites, they rapidly travel to what location?
your liver
Once sporozoites reach your liver, they penetrate hepatocytes, become _______, and undergo _____ to produce _______ within _______
- trophozoites
- schizogony
- merozoites
- cryptozoites
Each sporozoite that enters the liver produces a certain number of merozoites over a specific duration. List these details by species: P. vivax- P. ovale- P. malariae- P. falciparum-
- 6-8 days/10,000 merozoites
- 9 days/15,000
- 12-16 days/2,000
- 5-7 days/40,000
P. vivax P. ovale develop _____ in the liver. P. malaria and falciparum do not.
hypnozoites
Which two species can cause relapsing malaria?
vivax and ovale
Erythrocytic phase for malaria: ______ from liver enter RBC’s to form _______, which grow by feeding on _______. This feeding produces ________ pigment.
- merozoites
- trophozoites
- hemoglobin
- hemozoin
Plasmodium erythrocytic phase cont.:
when trophozoites mature in RBC’s, they undergo ______ to produce another generation of _______ which rupture RBC’s to invade new RBC’s. Some of these will differentiate into ________
- schizogony
- merozoites
- gametocytes
Gametocytes are infective stage for _______
mosquito
clinical signs of malaria result from:
rupture of RBC’s
merozoite formation and schizogony are synchronized in RBC’s (_________) so that virtually all infected cells rupture _________
- periodicity
- simultaneously
P. falciparum causes “_________” malaria
malignant tertian
Which plasmodium is the most pathogenic and most lethal
P. falciparum
which plasmodium causes the most parasitemia
P. falciparum
which plasmodium infects RBC’s of all ages
P. falciparum
Which plasmodium is most prevalent
P. falciparum
Does P. falciparum have hypnozoites?
no
