Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Parasitology Lab > Lab 3 > Flashcards

Lab 3 Flashcards

Flagellates

1
Q

Protozoan flagellates reproduce in their host by _________

A

longitudinal binary fission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Protozoan flagellates have ______ infective stage(s).

A

one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

you will find many/few flagellates in the host

A

many

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Axoneme-

A

microtubular rod that is central part of the flagellum; arises from kinetosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Axostyle-

A

a stout microtubular rod that runs throughout the body. In trichomonads, it extends out from posterior end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Kinetosome-

A

origin of flagellum (found at the base of flagellum). structure is identical to centrioles of other eukaryotic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Kinetoplast-

A

a dark staining disc composed of circles of DNA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The kinetoplast is found within the ________

A

mitochondrion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

undulating membrane-

A

formed by a flagellum bent back along and loosely attached to cell surface. involved in cell motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

most flagellates have ______ nucleus(i), except for ________ and _______ who both have ______ transcriptionally active nucleus(i)

A

one
Giardia and Diaentamoeba
two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Parabasal body-

A

golgi apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hemoflagellates are so named because:

A

they live in the blood during one stage of their life cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hemoflagellates have a _____ shaped body, a _______ located nucleus, and they contain a ________

A

spindle-shaped
centrally
kinetoplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hemoflagellates use what for motility

A

flagellum or flagellum with undulating membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

most hemoflagellates are heteroxenous, meaning they _______

A

require development within two hosts in their life cycle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

One exception to the rule that most hemoflagellates are heteroxenous are _______ because they are ________.

A

Crithidia spp
monoxenous
(they are parasites of invertebrates, not vertebrates)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hemoflagellates are pleomorphic, meaning they _____

A

have different morphological forms, depending on host and location within host. Trypanosome spp are most diverse in form during their life cycle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The morphological forms forund in hemoflagellates are: (5 forms)

A

amastigote, choanomastigote, promastigote, epimastigote, trypomastigote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe three facts about the amastigote-

A

round, no flagella, intracellular form in host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

describe the shape of the choanomastigote-

A

teardrop shape, with the flagellum extending from a funnel shaped pocket at the anterior end. this morphological form is found in insects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Flagella are directed towards the _____ end of trypanosomes

A

anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe the features of the promastigote form

A

kinetoplast at the anterior end with the flagellum, no undulating membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

describe the features of the epimastigote

A

kinetoplast is located between anterior end and nucleus with a short undulating membrane running from the middle to the anterior end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Trypomastigote-

A

kinetoplast posterior to the nucleus and the flagellum arising near it to run along a long undulating membrane the length of the parasite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where are amastigote, choanomastigote, promastigote, epimastigote and trypomastigote located respectively?

A

intracellular, not in vertebrates, infective stage for leishmania, in the gut of the insect, in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Hemoflagellates have an ______ life cycle

A

indirect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What two modes of infection occur with hemoflagellates?

A

Salivarian and stercorarian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

how does salivarian infection occur?

A

“anterior station” infection by inoculation in saliva during bloodsucking activity of infected invertebrate host. Infective stages develop in vector gut.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which hemoflagellates infect via salivarian mode?

A

T. b. brucei, T. b. rhodesiense, T. b. gambiense, Leishmania spp

30
Q

Which salivarian infective hemoflagellate is transmitted via sand fly?

A

Leishmania spp

31
Q

Which salivarian infective hemoflagellates are transmitted via tsetse fly

A

T. b. brucei, T. b. rhodesiense, T. b. gambiense,

32
Q

Stercorarian infection (“_______”) is infection via:

A

contamination of bite wound with invertebrate host feces. Infective stages develop in vector hind gut and infective stages in feces are either ingested, rubbed into bite wound or penetrate mucous membranes.

33
Q

Which two hemoflagellates infect hosts via stercorarian infection and what vector’s feces do they come from?

A

T. cruzi (feces of Kissing bug) and T. lewisi (feces of flea)

34
Q

Which two hemoflagellates exhibit monoxenous life cycles and what is their host?

A

Crithidia fasiculata (in insects) and T. equiperidum (in horses; sexually transmitted)

35
Q

What are the 3 african trypanosomes?

A

T. brucei, T. b. rhodesiense, T. b. gambiense

36
Q

Which form of the african trypanosomes is morphologically indistinguishable between species?

A

trypomastigotes

37
Q

The vector for african trypanosomes is the _______, via ___________

A

Glossina spp, aka tsetse flies, via salivarian

38
Q

Where is the geographic location of african trypanosomes?

A

15N–>25S in africa. The “African Fly Belt”

39
Q

The rule of thumb for african trypanosomes is that _______ inhabits east and central africa, while ______ inhabits west and central africa.

A

T. b. rhodesiense

T. b. gambiense

40
Q

T. rhodesiense/gambiense cause what sickness?

A

african sleeping sickness

41
Q

T. gambiense causes the “_____” form of trypanosomiasis, while rhodesiense causes the “_____” form of the disease

A

“chronic”

“acute”

42
Q

The incubation period for gambiense is _____

The incubation period for rhodesiense is ____

A

months to years

2-3 weeks

43
Q

infection of the CNS can occur in ____ weeks with rhodesiense

A

4-6 weeks

44
Q

______ are reservoir host for gambiense, ______ are reservoir host for rhodesiense

A
  • humans (pigs potentially, but dominantly human)

- Wild animals and domestic cattle

45
Q

T. brucei brucei causes the disease “_____” in native herbivores. it infects and is fatal in all _____, but does not ever infect _______

A

“nagana”
non-native livestock
humans

46
Q

The infective stage of african trypanosomes is the ______, and the stage found in hosts is the _______

A

metacyclic trypomastigote

trypomastigote

47
Q

Pathology: African trypanosomiasis. Trypanosome invasion of CNS leads to ____ and eventually _____

A

lethargy

coma/death

48
Q

The major virulence factor of african trypanosomes is their ability to change _____. This includes variation in _______, evasion of _____ and exhaustion of _______

A

their antigenic coat
surface glycoprotein antigens
hosts immune responses
host immune system

49
Q

Diagnosis of Trypanosomes =

A

trypomastigotes in the blood, lymph node aspirates or CNS fluid

50
Q

three things you can see on trypomastigotes at 1000X

A

undulating membrane, nucleus, small kinetoplast

51
Q

T. cruzi can be identified by what symptom?

A

Romano’s sign

52
Q

Where do T. cruzi amastigotes like to colonize?

A

muscle tissue

53
Q

where do Leishmania amastigotes like to colonize?

A

macrophages, found in internal organs

54
Q

the old world Leishmania are: (3) and they are transmitted by:

A

L. tropica, major, donovani

Phlebotomus spp

55
Q

the new world leishmania are: (3) and they are transmitted by:

A

L. chagasi, mexicana, braziliensis

Lutzomyia spp

56
Q

Three clinical leishmania syndromes:

A

cutaneous (oriental sore), mucocutaneous (espundia) and visceral (black fever)

57
Q

which leishmania cause cutaneous disease:

A

L. major tropical brazilians

58
Q

Which leishmania cause mucocutaneous disease:

A

L. braziliensis

59
Q

Which leishmania causes visceral disease?

A

L. donovani and chagasi (donny and chavez)

60
Q

Which leishmania stage is infective to flies? to humans?

A

amastigote

promastigote

61
Q

How do you identify Giardia lamblia trophs?

A

2 nuclei, 8 flagella, teardrop shape

62
Q

how do you identify Giardia lamblia cysts?

A

4 nuclei, no flagella

63
Q

which giardia stage is infective?

A

cysts

64
Q

What is the name of the non-pathogenic commensal flagellate in the colon of humans?

A

Chilomastix mesnili (just chills in your colon)

65
Q

how do you identify chill to the max troph?

A

4 flagella, one nucleus, pear shaped

66
Q

how do you identify chill to the max cyst?

A

lemon shaped with a nipple, one nucleus no flagella

67
Q

What are the names of the two trichomonas?

A

Pentatrichomonas hominis

Trichomonas vaginalis

68
Q

How do you identify pentatrichomonas hominid?

A

The axostyle! and it came from a fecal smear!

69
Q

how do you identify trichomonas vaginalis?

A

the axostyle and it came from a vagina!

70
Q 
Name the organisms you could find on these slides?
vagina-
fecal smear-
blood smear-
muscle tissue-
organ tissue-
A 
vagina- Trichomonas vaginalis
fecal smear- Giardia lamblia, Chilomastix mesnili, Pentratrichomonas hominis
blood smear- The Trypanosomes
muscle tissue-T. cruzi
organ tissue- The leishmanias

Parasitology Lab (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions