Lab 5 Flashcards
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
A symbiotic fungus whose hyphae frow through the cell wall of plant roots and extend into the root cell (enclosed in tubes formed by invagination of the root cell plasma membrane).
Basidiocarp
Elaborate fruiting body of a dikaryotic mycellium of a club fungus.
Basidium (pl basidia)
A reproductive appendage that porduces sexual spores on the gills of mushrooms.
Basidiomycota
A fungal phylum, commonly referred to as club fungus, after the club-like shape of the basidium.
Ascomycota
A fungal phylum, commonly called sac fungus, after the sac-like structure in which the spores develop.
Conidium (pl conidia)
A haploid spore produced at the tip of a specialized hypha in ascomycetes during asexual reproduction.
Condidiophores
Modified hyphae on the tips of which are found conidia.
Crustose
Thallus forms a thin, flat crust that adheres by the margins to the substrate; the thallus cannot be removed from the substrate.
Dikaryotic
Referring to a fungal mycellium with two haploid nuclei per cell, one from each parent.
Diploid
A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set of inherited each parent.
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi
A symbiotic fungus that forms sheaths of hyphae over the surface of plant roots and also grow into extracellualr spaces of the root cortex.
Foliose
Thallus is flast with leaf-like lobes, attached to the substrate with rhizines, or circular and attached by a single cord; thallus has an upper and a lower surface.
Fruticose
Thallus is attached to the substrate at the base only and grow vertically upward or downward; some are shrub-like, others are strand-like or hair-like in growth.
Thallus (pl thalli)
A vegetative plant body, lacking differentiation; the lichen body consisting of both fungus and algae.
Haploid
A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).
Hypha (pl hyphae)
One of many connected filaments that collectively make up the mycellium of a fungus.
Karyogamy
In fungi, the fusion of haploid nuclei contributed by the two parents; occurs as one stage of sexual reproduction, preceeded by plasomogamy.
Lichen
The mutualistic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic alga or cyanobacterium.
Meiosis
A modified type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms consisting of two rounds of cell division but only one round of DNA replication. It results in cells with half the number of chromosome sets as the original cell.
Mycelium (pl. mycelia)
The densely branched network of hyphae in a fungus.
Mycorrhiza (pl mycorrhizae)
A mutualistic association of plant roots and fungus.
Plasmogamy
In fungi, the fusion of the cytoplasm of cells from two individuals; occurs as one stge of sexual reproduction, followed later by karyogamy.
Saprophytic (saprobe, saprophyte, saprotroph)
Fungi that get their nutrition from dead plant material and other non-living organic materials.
Spore
In fungi, a haploid cell, produced either sexually or asexually, that produces a mycellium afer germination.
Symbiotic (symbiosis)
An ecological relationship between organisms of two different species that live together in direct and intimate contact.
Yeast
Single-celled fungus that reproduces asexually by binary fission or by the pinching of small buds off a parent cell. Some species exhibit cell fusion between differnt mating types.
