LAB #5 Flashcards
Unit of solubility
Grams per liter
Some solubility or complete miscibility of water
Alcohols, amines, acids esters ketones and aldehydes
Some solubility or complete misibility for 5% sodium bicarbonate
Carboxylic acid
Some solubility or complete miscibility for 5% sodium hydroxide
Carboxylic acid and phenols
Some solubility or complete disability for diethyl ether
Most organic molecules
What will happen to the polarity if there is an increase of number of chain
Increase nonpolarity
Give examples of an organic solvent
Diethyl ether, dichloromethane, chloroform, petroleum ether, hexanes
Chloroform is also known as
Trichloromethane
What administrative number and year thus chloroform is banned
AO 341 series of 1978
Cocoa butter
Theobroma oil
defined as the maximum mass
of a substance that can be dissolved in a
fixed mass of a solvent at a given
temperature.
Solubility
True or false
A substance will have a different solubility
in different solvents depending on polarity
of both the substance and the solvent.
True
The solubility of an organic compound can
provide evidence
for the presence (or lack)
of several important functional groups,
Most of organic molecules are usually
soluble in organic solvents (e.g.
diethyl
ether, dichloromethane, chloroform,
petroleum ether, hexanes etc)
is the temperature range
over which the solid melts to become a
liquid
Melting point
True or false
The transition between the solid and the
liquid is so sharp for small samples of
pure substance that melting points can be
measured to ± 1oC
True
Characteristic of molecule can be
used to determine
identity & purity
Four factors influencing melting
point:
- Molecular symmetry
- Molecular polarity
- H-bonding
- Molecular weight
The ability of molecules to pack together
tightly influences
intermolecular
interactions & melting point.
shapes have
unusually high melting points
Spherical
The boiling point of liquid is affected by the
forces that attract one molecule to
another-ionic attraction , dipole-dipole
interaction, hydrogen bonding & van der
Waals force.
True or false
A very liquid in a very clean vessel will
superheat and not boil when subjected to
a temperature above its boiling point
True
The difference in boiling point informs the
difference in
Molecule structure
is an antiseptic that has boiling
point higher than ether that was used as
general anesthetic.
Phenol
measure of how much
the speed of light (or other waves such as
sound waves) is reduced inside the
medium.
Refractive Index
It is often used to identify a particular
substance, confirm its purity, or measure
its concentration.
Refractive Index
is a measurement that compares the
amount of matter an object has to its
volume.
Density
Density can be used to examine the
unknown sample
Qualitatively
if it rotates
the plane of polarized light.
Optically active
In order for a substance to exhibit optical
activity, it must be _and one
_ must be present in excess of
the other.
Chiral
Enantiomer
organic compounds in which a hydrogen
atom of an aliphatic carbon is replaced
with a hydroxyl group
Alcohol
Methods of preparation for alcohol
Hydrolysis of alkyl halide
Grignard’s Synthesis
Elimination
Oxidizing agents
Periodinane
Chromium trioxide
Sodium chromate
Reducing agents
Sodium borohydride
Lithium Aluminum Hydride
