Lab

Question 1

specialized sense organs in lateral line

Answer 1

neuromasts

Question 2

Muscles that make up most of the trunk

Answer 2

Axial muscles

Question 3

w-shaped blocks of muscle in the trunk

Answer 3

myomeres

Question 4

where the heart is located

Answer 4

pericardial cavity

Question 5

where blood is oxygenated

Answer 5

vental aorta

Question 6

A connected swim bladder

Answer 6

physostomous

Question 7

a disconnected swim bladder

Answer 7

physoclistous

Question 8

finger-like projections extending from the stomach

Answer 8

pyloric ceca

Question 9

sheet-like material surrounding intestine. may contain fat

Answer 9

mesentery

Question 10

location where many fish not having reproductive ducts will shed sperm and eggs

Answer 10

abdominal pores

Question 11

part of brain coordinating muscular movement and equilibrium

Answer 11

cerebellum

Question 12

part of brain processing imagery

Answer 12

optical lobes

Question 13

elongated spindle-like body form, such as a lingcod

Answer 13

fusiform

Question 14

eel-like body form

Answer 14

anguilliform

Question 15

shortened body form, such as a lumpsucker

Answer 15

ovate or truncated

Question 16

compressed body form, like a perch

Answer 16

compressed

Question 17

flattened body form, like a skate or ray

Answer 17

depressed

Question 18

hemispherical body form, like a pufferfish

Answer 18

globiform

Question 19

sensory protrusions found on head

Answer 19

cirri

Question 20

What is the main reason attributed to the inability to adequately monitor shark populations?

Answer 20

the vast geographic scale of pelagic marine ecosystems

Question 21

What is the most widespread fishing gear used in the open ocean?

Answer 21

Pelagic longline

Question 22

Why are sharks slow to recover from overexploitation?

Answer 22

They have low maximum intrinsic rates of increase

Question 23

What are 2 strong recommendations to safe-guard sharks and other large pelagic predators from further declines?

Answer 23

• create carefully designed marine reserves

- reduce fishing pressure

Question 24

numerous, small, flag-like projections between the main dorsal fins and the caudal fin

Answer 24

finlets

Question 25

a flat, blade-like bone that lies within the skin of the ventral side of the head

Answer 25

Gular plate

Question 26

parallel, bony struts, which are arranged like the ribs of a bellows or a fan

Answer 26

Brachiostegal rays

Question 27

lid-like structure covers and protects the separate gill openings.

Answer 27

operculum

Question 28

narrow elongated teeth

Answer 28

caniniform

Question 29

sharp, blade-like teeth

Answer 29

incisoriform

Question 30

blunt or flattened teeth

Answer 30

molariform

Question 31

the margin of the mouth

Answer 31

gape

Question 32

discontinuous variable

Answer 32

meristic

Question 33

changes in body proportions throughout life cycle

Answer 33

allometric growth

Question 34

penis-like extension found in male guppies

Answer 34

gonopodium

Question 35

process when one embryo consumes another

Answer 35

embryophagy

Question 36

Where can variability be introduced?

Answer 36

1. natural variability between specimens 2. inter-individual variability. people making measurements differently 3. intra-individual variabilty. the same person making the same measurement twice, but with different results.

Question 37

electro receptors - common in sharks

Answer 37

ampullae of lorenzini

Question 38

mouth type - midwater feeder

Answer 38

terminal

Question 39

mouth type - surface feeder

Answer 39

superior

Question 40

mouth type - bottom feeder

Answer 40

inferior/sub-terminal

Question 41

internal structure marking the end of the vertebral column

Answer 41

hypural plate

Question 42

another name for the shoulder girdle

Answer 42

cleithrum

Question 43

three ways gill membranes can attach

Answer 43

1. free or separate from isthmus 2. united across isthmus 3. joined to the isthmus

Question 44

hard rays

Answer 44

spinous rays

Question 45

improvement of premaxilla uper jaw mobility

Answer 45

ascending process

Question 46

piece of mouth where the ascending process moves along

Answer 46

rostral cartilage

Question 47

self-fertilization

Answer 47

hermaphroditism

Question 48

eggs develop without fertilization

Answer 48

parthenogenisis

Question 49

scale eating feeding behaviour

Answer 49

lepidophagy

Question 50

occupying both marine and freshwaters in lifecycle

Answer 50

diadromous

Question 51

vertebra concave at both ends

Answer 51

amphicoelous

Question 52

vertebra concave at one end

Answer 52

opisthocoelous

Question 53

a feature shared by a common ancestor and its descendents

Answer 53

synapomorphy

Question 54

what does PIT stand for?

Answer 54

Passive Integrated Transponder