Lab 4 Past questions Flashcards
What can be the possible directions for cardiac axis?
-30 degrees to +110 degrees
Between which limbs is the potential differences measured with standard limb leads I/II/III?
I: Right and left arm
II: Right arm and left leg
III: Left arm and left leg
What is the effect of the strophanine-G on the stimulus conduction in the AV node?
Delays stimulus: Negative dromotropic
Draw a pulse pressure wave and name its peaks
- p. 12
List the main step of determining the cardiac axis
- Measure peak values in R-wave of each lead,
- Construct vectors (at least 2/3),
- Direction of formed integral vector is the cardiac axix
Where is epinephrine produced?
In the adrenal medulla
What type of acetylcholine receptors are present in the heart?
Muscarinic Arch receptors
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
What type of ion channels does verapamil block?
Ca2+ channels
Primarily the L type calcium channels
List 4 of the effects of the acetylcholine on the heart.
- Bathmotropic effect
- Inotropic effect
- Negative chronotropic effect
- Dromotropic effect
Why does atropine inhibit the acetylchlorine effect on the muscarine Arch receptors?
Because it binds to these receptors without stimulating them
Describe a normal PQ segment
AP trough AV. Not enough to create detectable differences. Isoelectric line
How can the hardness of the pulse be determined?
Because of the power that’s needed to compress it.
List the reg. waves in the ECG of dogs.
P, Q, R,S and T
Effect of epinephrine?
Sympathetic hormone
Positive chrono-, bathmo-, ino- and dromotropic effect
Antagonist of epinephrine?
Propanolol
