lab 4 lymph+ anatomy of blood vessels

Question 1

Types of Blood Vessels

Answer 1

The 3 major types of blood vessels are arteries, capillaries, and veins.

Question 2

The walls of all blood vessels

Answer 2

(except capillaries) have 3 distinct tunics that surround a central blood-containing space, known as the vessel lumen.

Question 3

The lymphatic vessels carry

Answer 3

lymph which is a fluid that consists of water and a small amount of dissolved proteins.

Question 4

PULMONARY CIRCULATION

Answer 4

Arteries carry deoxygenated blood

Veins carry oxygenated blood

Question 5

Veins

Answer 5

-carry blood toward the heart; they merge

Question 6

Outermost layer is the

Answer 6

tunica externa, or adventitia

1. Formerly called the tunica adventitia
2. Infiltrated with nerve fibers, lymphatic vessels
3. Contain a system of vasa vasorum which nourish the external portion of the blood vessel wall
4. Composed of areolar or fibrous connective tissue

Question 7

Middle tunic is th

Answer 7

tunica media

1. Vasoconstriction and vasodilation as blood passes through the tunica media affects blood pressure
2. Bulkiest layer in the arteries

Question 8

Your immune systems memory is

Answer 8

accurate and highly specific

Question 9

.) Immunocompetent

Answer 9

event indicated by the appearance of specific cell-surface proteins which enables immune response.

Question 10

ARTERIES

Have thicker

Answer 10

tunica media than veins which places higher pressure on the blood therefore blood pressure is based on pressure in the arteries and not veins
Expand and RECOIL as blood passes through

Question 11

Valves in the veins

Answer 11

Valves prevent blood from flowing backward (venous valves)
When veins carry blood back to the heart, your leg muscles squeeze to push blood back to the heart from you lower body against the flow of gravity

Question 12

Functions of lymphatic system:

Answer 12

1. transport lymph fluid to blood vessels

2. protect body from foreign material by providing a “home” for the immune system

Question 13

put items in correct order
Items to order:
1.
Vena Cava
2.
Placenta
3.
Heart
4.
Abdominal Aorta
5.
Umbilical Vein
6.
Umbilical Arteries
7.
Ductus Venosus
8.
Umbilicus

Answer 13

1. Placenta
2. Umbilical vein
3. Ductus venosus
4. Vena cava
5. Heart
6. Abdominal aorta
7. Umbilical arteries
8. Umblicus

Question 14

lymphoid organs

Answer 14

thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, appendix, and bone marrow

a. Primary lymphoid organs: bone marrow & thymus
b. Secondary lymphoid organs: lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils & appendix

Question 15

The lymphatic system consists of a

Answer 15

network of lymphatic vessels, lymphatic tissues, lymph nodes and other lymphoid organs

Question 16

autoimmunity

Answer 16

the inability of the immune system to distinguish self from non-self, are own tissues are attacked by the immune system.

Examples- multiple sclerosis, Graves disease, Type I Diabetes

Question 17

Adaptive Immune System

Answer 17

-a functional system which recognizes foreign materials & acts to destroy or neutralize it which is known as an immune response

Question 18

VARICOSE VEINS

Answer 18

When the valves become weak, blood pools in the veins and collect more & more blood
As blood continues to pool, the veins become varicose and bulge
veins that are dilated because of incompetent (leaky) valves

Question 19

The blood vessels form a

Answer 19

closed delivery system for blood circulation that begins and ends at the heart.

Question 20

NOTE-Both ducts empty the lymph into

Answer 20

venous circulation on their respective sides of the body

Question 21

4. Lymph is filtered by

Answer 21

lymph nodes

If bacteria or abnormal cells appear, macrophages destroy it and any foreign matter.

Question 22

B cells - B lymphocytes differentiate in the

Answer 22

bone marrow

Question 23

Innermost tunic is th

Answer 23

tunica intima

Intimate contact with the blood of the lumen
Contains endothelium that lines the lumen of all vessels
Smooth vessel lining minimizes friction of blood flow

Question 24

Remember your immune system lives in your

Answer 24

lymphatic organs.

Question 25

Distribution and Function of Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Nodes

Answer 25

1. As blood circulates via the cardiovascular system through the body, osmotic pressure causes fluids to move into the tissues. This lost fluid has to be returned to the blood. 2. Lymphatic capillaries pick up the leaked fluid (water and dissolved proteins) and carry it through lymphatic collecting vessels to lymphatic trunks. right lymphatic and thoracic duct

Question 26

Muscular arteries

Answer 26

- Deliver blood to specific organs - Thickest tunica media of all blood vessels - Contain more smooth muscle and less elastic tissue, therefore have less distensibility

Question 27

A. Major Characteristics of Immune Response

Answer 27

1. Most important characteristics of the immune response are: 1) memory, 2) specificity, & 3) ability to differentiate self from nonself

Question 28

3. Lymphatic system is a

Answer 28

one-way system and carries lymph only towards the heart.

Question 29

VEINS | Low pressure due to

Answer 29

Carry blood from capillary beds toward the heart Largest veins are the superior and inferior vena cava Low pressure due to their large-diameter lumen which can accommodate a large volume of blood Called capacitance vessels/blood reservoirs because they can hold up to 65% of blood supply at any time

Question 30

CAPILLARIES:

Answer 30

- function in exchange between the tissue cells and blood. - Oxygen and nutrients diffuse from the blood to the tissue cells - Carbon dioxide & metabolic wastes move from the tissue cells to the blood.

Question 31

ARTERIES:

Answer 31

-carry blood away from the heart; they diverge

Question 32

CAPILLARIES | structure

Answer 32

- Smallest blood vessels - Tiny, transparent vessels that consist of only a tunica intima and endothelium - Suited for exchange of materials (gases, nutrients, hormones) between blood and interstitial fluid and tissues

Question 33

types of arteries

Answer 33

elastic and muscular

Question 34

As the heart contracts, blood is pumped into:

Answer 34

Largest arteries → smaller arteries → arterioles → capillaries → venules → smaller veins → largest veins

Question 35

b. Thoracic duct

Answer 35

receives lymph from the rest of the body.

Question 36

Lymph nodes are located in the

Answer 36

inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions of the body

Question 37

a. Right lymphatic duct

Answer 37

- drains lymph from the right upper extremity, head, and thorax delivered by the jugular, subclavian and bronchomediastinal trunks.

Question 38

-after differentiation, B and T cells enter the blood stream where

Answer 38

clonal selection occurs. -clonal selection is triggered when an antigen binds to the surface receptors of a B or T cell.

Question 39

Elastic arteries

Answer 39

- thick-walled arteries near the heart; includes the aorta - largest in diameter and most are elastic for the need to withstand pressure fluctuations - known as pressure reservoirs, expanding and recoiling as the heart ejects blood

Question 40

Edema

Answer 40

-swelling in the tissues that occurs when fluid remains in the tissues

Question 41

SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION

Answer 41

Arteries carry oxygenated blood Veins carry deoxygenated blood

Question 42

antigen

Answer 42

anything that has the capability to provoke an immune response

Question 43

T cells

Answer 43

T lymphocytes differentiate in the thymus