1. Endocrine (ductless) gland - secrete hormones directly into the blood or lymph (these are our topic this week) 2. Exocrine gland - release their products at the body's surface on to epithelial membranes via ducts

lab 1 endocrine system, Flashcards by Amanda Salinas

Insulin

Decreases blood sugar by targeting body cells and causing them to “take up” glucose

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

regulates calcium balance in the blood by increasing secretion from the bone and decreasing excretion in the kidneys

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Thymus

The thymus has two lobes and is found in the thorax. The thymus produces the hormones thymosin, thymulin, and thymopoietins which are involved in the maturation of T lymphocytes so are important in the immune system.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The pituitary gland is divided into two lobes

the anterior pituitary gland and the posterior pituitary gland

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

hyposecretion of T4 in adults, causes sluggishness

Myxedema-

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2 Types of Glands

Endocrine (ductless) gland - secrete hormones directly into the blood or lymph (these are our topic this week)
Exocrine gland - release their products at the body’s surface on to epithelial membranes via ducts

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

hypersecretion of gonadocorticoids

(hirsutism & masculinization occurs)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pituitary Gland

(Hypophysis)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2 Major hormones of thyroid gland

Thyroid hormone (TH) is actually two active hormones 
Thyroxine (T4) 
Triiodothyronine (T3) 
both function in control of metabolic rate and oxidation so effect all cell

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Glucagon

increases blood glucose by stimulating the liver to break down glycogen and release glucose into the blood

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Anterior Pituitary hormones:

4 tropic hormones:

gonadotropins
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or thyrotropin

2 other hormones:

Growth hormone (GH)
Prolactin (PRL)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

anterior pituitary + infundibulum

hypophyseal portal

primary capillary plexus
hypophyseal portal viens
secondary capillary plexus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or thyrotropin

regulates growth by regulating activity of the thyroid gland

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Calcitonin (also called thyrocalcitonin)

stimulates deposition of calcium into bones

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hypersecretion of thyroid hormone

elevates metabolic, rate, causes weight loss, nervousness, weight loss, irregular heartbeat

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The pancreas is a ____ gland and has both

The pancreas is a mixed gland and has both endocrine and exocrine gland cells.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

gonadotropins

Stimulate the gonads
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),
Luteinizing hormone (LH)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Growth hormone (GH)

Yes, it regulates growth!
has major effects on muscle and bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The thyroid gland has

two lobes connected by the isthmus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

organs that respond to a particular hormone

target organs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

There are usually __ but the number of parathyroid glands varies between individuals

The pituitary gland is considered the

master gland because it produces tropic hormones which control other glands.

Adrenal cortex

Secretes 3 major groups of steroid hormones called corticosteroids
Cortico because they are from the cortex

Mineralcorticoids
Glucocorticoids
Gonadocorticoids (sex hormones)

The major organs of the endocrine system are endocrine glands including:

pituitary gland, pineal gland, hypothalamus, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries and testes.

Glucocorticoids-i.e.

Glucocorticoids-i.e.cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone which increase blood glucose during long term stress

The endocrine system is the _____ control system of the body and works with the ________ to maintain \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

second, nervous system, homeostasis

The pancreas produces two hormones that are important in regulating

blood glucose levels. insulin and glucagon

Male gonads, or testes Produce male sex hormone

testosterone (also a steroid)

posterior hormones

Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions and causes milk ejection Antidiuretic hormone reduces urine output and conserves water by increasing reasorption of water in the kidneys

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

regulates hormone production in the cortex of the adrenal gland

which system exerts faster than the other and which one is more long term?

As you know the nervous system exerts fast acting but short lasting control over the body. The endocrine system, on the other hand, exerts slow acting but long lasting control.

Posterior Pituitary Lobe is not a true

The posterior pituitary lobe is not a true endocrine gland and does not produce hormones, rather it stores hormones.

diabetes insipidus

(hyposecretion of ADH),

increased BP

hyperglycemia

Gonadocorticoids (sex hormones)

i.e. androgens and some estrogens

Diabetes mellitus

(hyposecretion) of insulin type 1 and hyperactivity of insulin type 2

Prolactin (PRL)

stimulates breast development and maintains lactation

The endocrine system acts by

releasing hormones which interact with cells of target organs to cause changes in the function of those organs.

Hypersecretion of growth hormone causes

gigantism in children and acromegaly in adults

Adrenal medulla

cells secrete epinephrine (80%) and norepinephrine (20%)

Mineralcorticoids-

Mineralcorticoids-i.e. aldosterone which regulates water and electrolyte balance, targets the kidneys

hormones

(steroids or amino acid-based molecules)- chemical messengers that are released into the blood to be transported throughout the body tissues & cells, hormones stimulate or inhibit metabolic activity

Pineal Gland

The pineal gland is found in the roof of the 3rd ventricle of the brain. It produces melatonin which peaks at night and makes us sleepy. Its exact endocrine function is not well understood.

Glands are composed of

epithelial tissue that is modified to produce and secrete a product.

hypoglycemia

(hypersecretion) of insulin decreased BP

The parathyroid glands are found on

the posterior surface of the thyroid gland.

Female gonads, or ovaries Produce 2 steroid hormone groups:

estrogens progesterone

There are two adrenal glands, one atop of each The adrenal glands are divided into two portions.

kidney The outer portion is the cortex and the middle is the medulla.

posterior gland + infundibulum

hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract

Anterior pituitary (lobe) or

adenohypophysis