Lab #4 Intro Flashcards
Order Salmoniformes
Salmon, trout and relatives
Adipose fin present always
no spiny rays
Pelvic axillary process present
maxilla included in gape (ancestral)
Physostomous gas bladder (ancestral)
Parr marks on sides of juveniles
Last 3 vertebrae angle upwards towards tail (derived)
Pelvic axillary process
This is a small, modified scale located at the anterior of the base of the pelvic fins that helps to support them
Order Osmeriformes
smelts and their relatives
Generally small, elongate, silvery
Most have adipose fin, variable in size
Rayed dorsal fin may be set far back and opposite anal fin, or located opposite pelvics
Order Esociformes
Pikes
Freshwater ambush predators
Adipose Absent
Neoteleostii
Maybe monophyletic
Order Myctophiformes (lanterfish)
Order Lampridiformes (opah,oarfish)
Order Gadiformes (cod, grenadiers)
Order Batrachoidiformes (toadfish, middshippman)
Order Lophiiformes (anglerfish)
Order Percopsiformes (trout-perches)
Considered more advanced due to skull modification and movement of pelvic/pectoral fins
Order Myctophiformes
Photophores on body and head
scales usually cycloid
head and body compressed
mouth large and terminal
maxilla not included in gape
adipose fins present
gas bladder when present – phystoclistous
Lanternfish
Order Lampridiformes
Oarfish, opah
lack true spines, all rays soft
minute cycloid scales
maxilla moves premaxilla, which forms gape
unique upper jaw bone connection, and sliding to protrude
swim bladder phystoclistous
complex life cycle, major change in fin size
Order Gadiformes
True cods
Spiny fins absent
3 dorsal fins and 2 anal fins
long dorsal and anal fins
scales usually cycloid
swim bladder phystoclistous or absent
Premaxilla forms entire margin of upper jaw, protractile (derived
Pelvic fins are thoracic or jugular
Chin barbels (convergent with other groups)
Antifreeze glycoproteins for arctic/antarctic species
Order Batrachoidiformes
2 or 3 rigid dorsal spines
Opercular spine w venom in one family
Skin with or without cycloid scales
One subfamily has photophores
Mouth directed upwards and eyes on top of head – in benthic species
Toadfish, and midshipman
Order Lophiiformes
Anglerfish
Pelvic fins when present jugular or anterior to pectorals
Gill opening small and tubelike
first vertebra fused to skull
Swim bladder phystoclistous (when present)
Illicium and esca
Modified first dorsal spine for angling
illicium is filamentous and esca is lighted bait
Order Percopsiformes
trout-perches
DERIVED TRAITS
Premaxilla forms gape; non-protractile jaw
Pelvic fins sub-thoracic in position
Weakly developed spines in fins
Ctenoid or cycloid scales
Ancestral Teleost Traits
maxilla forms gape
abdominal pelvic fins
no spines on fins
cycloid scales
