Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ichthyology Lab > Lab #1 Intro > Flashcards

Lab #1 Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Allometric growth

A

Changes in body proportions as they grow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Non-discrete variables

A

Variables that are continuous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Total Length

A

Straight line distance from anterior to tip of caudal fin when lobes are pinched

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Standard Length

A

Straight line distance from anterior tip to end of the vertebra at the base of caudal fin
Can only be measured in fishes with homocercal caudal fins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Homocercal

A

straight and vertical free border
Dorsal and ventral lobes of equal size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hypural plate

A

the internal structure that marks the end of the vertebral column
Bend caudal fin at its base, causes a crease (locate the hypural plate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Snout-vent length

A

From tip of the snout to the opening of the anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fork Length

A

From the tip of the snout to the fork of the caudal fin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Head length

A

From tip of snout to end of operculum
In Chondrichthyes to last gill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Maximum depth of body

A

Vertical length (no fins) normally 1/3 down the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Minimum depth of caudal peduncle

A

minimum height of trunk region between anal fin and caudal fin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Head length to standard length

A

Useful diagnostic ratio for many taxonomic keys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Meristic variables

A

discrete variables that are counts (fin counts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Spiny Rays

A

Stiff and sharp
Unsegmented and unbranched
Most anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Heavy spinous rays

A

stiff often with sharp barbs on posterior
thickened and hardened soft rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Soft rays

A

branched and clearly segmented
occur on the posterior portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Scales above the lateral line

A

first scale anterior to dorsal fin going in an oblique row to the lateral line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

scale rows below the lateral line

A

starting anterior continuing angled up towards lateral line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Scales on lateral line

A

number of scales lying on the lateral line from the shoulder girdle to the end of the hypural plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Snout

A

with external nares. nostrils usually have no connection with the oral cavity, only sensory organs no respiratory function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Eyes

A

Most fishes have no moveable eyelids. A thin cornea covers the outer surface
Spherical lens, retina and choroid forming layers in back of eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Mouth

A

The margin is called the gape. Either of two bones maxilla or premaxilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Caniniform

A

(needle like)
are pointed, elongated and narrow in appearance

24
Q

Incisoriform

A

(blade like)
have sharp cutting edge, with broad base

25
Q

Molariform

A

(millstone-like teeth)
blunt or flattened, stout for grinding and crushing

26
Q

Tongue

A

lying in the floor of the mouth, cartilaginous or bony structure
Taste receptors

27
Q

Operculum

A

thin lid-like structure covers and protects the gill openings

28
Q

Branchiostegal rays

A

parallel, bony struts, arranged like ribs of bellows of a fan
connect membranes of two sides of lower jaw

29
Q

Isthmus

A

The skin connecting the two sides of the lower jaw on the ventral side of the head

30
Q

Free/Seperate Isthmus

A

Not joined to the isthmus or each other (smelts)

31
Q

United

A

Joined to each other across, but not to the isthmus as in sculpins

32
Q

Joined

A

attached to the isthmus (pricklebacks)

33
Q

Gular plate

A

a flat, blade-like bone that lies within the skin of the ventral side of the head
serving mainly a protective function

34
Q

Barbels

A

fleshly, hair-like projections on the chin or around the mouth
They have sensory functions

35
Q

Paired Fins

A

Pectoral fins
Pelvic fins

36
Q

Unpaired fins

A

Dorsal fins
Finlets
Anal fins
caudal fins
adipose fin

37
Q

Placoid scales

A

dermal denticles
unlayered, tooth-like scales (sharks etc)

38
Q

Ganoid scales

A

heavy plate-like scales forming bony armour
ancestral fishes (gar)

39
Q

cycloid scales

A

thin round flat overlapping scales
soft rayed fishes (salmon/trout)

40
Q

ctenoid scales

A

similar to cycloid but they have comb-like projections on exposed edge
spiny rayed fishes (perch)

41
Q

Myomeres

A

Theses w-shaped blocks of axial muscles

42
Q

Physotomous condition

A

swim bladder is connected to mouth by a duct
This is ancestral

43
Q

Physoclistous condition

A

this connection from bladder to mouth is lost

44
Q

Otoliths

A

bioorganic minerals of protein and calcium carbonate (not bone)
Used for sound

45
Q

Three otoliths in fish

A

lapillus, asteriscus and sagitta

46
Q

Fusiform

A

Spindle-like and elongate (lingcod)

47
Q

Anguilliform

A

eel-like, greatly elongate (lamprey)

48
Q

Ovate

A

Truncated (shortened) (clingfish)

49
Q

Compressiform

A

compressed, thin and narrow, deep (perch)

50
Q

Depressiform

A

Depressed, flattened (skate)

51
Q

Globiform

A

subcircular, hemispherical (pufferfish)

52
Q

Gnathostomata

A

Jawed vertebrates

53
Q

Chondrichthyes

A

cartilaginous fishes

54
Q

Elasmobranchii

A

Sharks, skates and rays

55
Q

Holocephali

A

chimaeras (ratfishes)
Only cartilage fish with bony gill cover

Ichthyology Lab (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions