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BMB G Lab Underline Terms > Lab 4: Blood Supply/CSF > Flashcards

Lab 4: Blood Supply/CSF Flashcards

1
Q

Vertebral Arteries

A

Located on the ventral medulla; have spinal branches that include
Anterior spinal branches (anterior spinal artery)
Posterior spinal arteries

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2
Q

Anterior Spinal Branches Join to make Anterior Spinal Artery

A

Travels in the ventral median fissure

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3
Q

Posterior Spinal Arteries

A

Are difficult to find; descend near the attachments of the dorsal roots; often branch from the posterior inferior cerebellar Artery

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4
Q

Segmental Artery Branches

A

Vertebral, intercostal, lumbar and lateral sacral

Further subdivided into:
Anterior and posterior radicular arteries: that mainly supply the nerve roots, dorsal root ganglia and dura
Medullary arteries: branch from 8-10 of the segmental arteries and connect to the anterior and posterior spinal arteries to produce an arterial vasocorona that surrounds and supplies spinal cord
Artery of Adamkiewicz: a very large medullary artery, often branching from a lower intercostal or upper lumbar artery,m that makes a major contribution to the supply of the lower thoracic and upper lumbar spinal cord

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5
Q

Venous Return from the Spinal Cord

A 
Blood from the spinal cord drains into 3 longitudinal systems:
(Anastomose extensively)
-spinal cord plexus
-epidural (internal vertebral plexus)
-external vertebral plexus
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6
Q

Vertebral-basilar system (posterior circulation)

A

Supplies:

Spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellum and parts of the medial forebrain

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7
Q

Internal Carotid System (anterior circulation)

A

Supplies most of the forebrain (telencephalon and diencephalon)

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8
Q

(Arterial Supply to the Brainstem) From the Vertebral Arteries

A

Anterior and posterior spinal arteries (posterior can originate from PICA)

Posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (PICA): long circumferential arteries

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9
Q

(Arterial Supply to the Brainstem) From the Basilar Artery

A

Paramedian pontine arteries (paramedian branches of basilar artery)
Short circumferential pontine arteries (short circumferential branches)
Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries (AICA): long circumferential arteries
Superior cerebellar arteries (long circumferential arteries)
Posterior Cerebral Arteries (terminal branches)

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10
Q

Branches of the Internal Carotid Artery

A

Anterior cerebral artery

Middle cerebral artery

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11
Q

Great Arterial Circle of Willis

A

Variable, large vessel communication on the base of the brain, encircling the optic chiasm and mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus.
Communicating branches allow rerouting of blood between the anterior and posterior circulations (via posterior communicating arteries) and between left and right circulations (via an anterior communicating artery)
Frequently permits rerouting of blood around slowly-developing conclusions of the large vessels that supply the brain

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12
Q

Contributions of the Cerebral Arterial Circle (of Willis)

A 
Posterior Cerebral Arteries
Anterior Cerebral Arteries
Middle Cerebral Arteries
Posterior Communicating Arteries
Anterior Communicating Artery
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13
Q

Middle Cerebral Artery Branches (in the lateral fissure)

A

Cortical branches that supply the lateral cortex

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14
Q

Anterior Cerebral Artery (longitudinal fissure)

A

Has cortical branches that supply the medial frontal and parietal cortex

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15
Q

Posterior Cerebral Artery

A

Winds around the midbrain; has cortical branches that supply the medial occipital and medial and inferior temporal cortex

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16
Q

Mid/Rostral Medulla Blood Supply

A

Paramedian: anterior spinal arteries
Anterolateral: Short circumferential branches of the vertebral artery
Posterolateral: posterior spinal arteries (caudally) as you move rostrally it becomes the long circumferential branches of PICA

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17
Q

Caudal Pons Blood Supply

A

Paramedian: Paramedian branches of the basilar artery
Anterolateral: short circumferential branches of the basilar artery
Posterolateral: long circumferential branches of the basilar Artery caudally and the anterior inferior cerebellar artery as you move rostrally

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18
Q

Rostral Midbrain Blood Supply

A

Paramedian: paramedian branches of the basilar artery bifurcation
Anterolateral: short circumferential branches of the posterior cerebral artery
Posterolateral: long circumferential branches of the posterior cerebral artery and some of the superior cerebellar artery

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19
Q

Venous Drainage of Spinal Cord and Brain

A 
The veins that drain the brain run their course independent of the arteries. They anastomose freely and form four interconnected systems
Intra-axial veins
Superficial cerebral Veins
Deep cerebral veins
Dural Venous Sinuses
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20
Q

Intro-axial Veins

A

Collect capillary blood and travel in brain tissue; they drain into a serious of mostly superficial veins

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21
Q

Superficial Cerebral Veins

A

Drain the intra-axial veins of the cerebral cortex and underlying white matter
Traverse the SAS in cerebral sulci, superficial to cerebral arteries
Penetrate the arachnoid, the subdural space (as bridging veins) and the dura to drain into nearby dura venous sinuses
“Bridging” veins can tear in shear force injury and cause subdural hemorrhage

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22
Q

Deep Cerebral Veins

A

Drain deep structures

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23
Q

Dural Venous Sinuses

A

Are venous channels that are embedded in layers of cranial dura
Drain the superficial and deep cerebral veins
Eventually drain into the internal jugular vein

24
Q

Lateral Ventricle Components

A 
Anterior horn
Body
Atrium
Posterior horn
Inferior horn
25
Q

Anterior Horn of Lateral Ventricle

A

In frontal lobe, anterior to the interventricular foramen

26
Q

Body of the Lateral Ventricle

A

In caudal part of frontal lobe and in parietal lobe, at the level of the 3rd ventricle

27
Q

Atrium of the Lateral Ventricle

A

Posterior expanded confluence of body, posterior and inferior horns

28
Q

Posterior horn of Lateral Ventricle

A

In occipital lobe, posterior to the expansion of the atrium

29
Q

Inferior Horn of Lateral Ventricle

A

In the temporal lobe, it passes anteriorly, inferiorly and laterally from the atrium; is located lateral to the other parts of the lateral ventricle

30
Q

Right and Left Interventricular Foramen (Foramina of Monroe)

A

Open connections between the lateral and third ventricles; contains choroid plexus that is continuous with that of the lateral and 3rd ventricles

31
Q

Midline parts of the ventricular system

A

Third Ventricle
Cerebral Aqueduct
Fourth Ventricle

32
Q

Visibility of the Ventricular System in Sections

A

Frontal horn: anterior coronal and horizontal slices
Body: posterior coronal slice at level of the thalamus
Atrium: often visible in a horizontal slice
Temporal: in posterior coronal slice
Occipital horn: sometimes visible in a horizontal slice
Third ventricle: posterior coronal slice and in some horizontal slices

33
Q

Choroid Plexus

A

In all parts of lateral ventricle except the frontal and occipital horns; extends from the lateral ventricle to the roof of the 3rd at the interventricular foramen

34
Q

Third Ventricle (choroid plexus relation)

A

Has a roof with strips of choroid plexus hanging from vascular stalks

35
Q

Median Aperture (foramen of Magendie)

A

A defect in the caudal end of the roof of the fourth ventricle (edges are often lost in preparation); allows CSF to exit the ventricular system and enter the SAS

36
Q

Lateral Aperture (foramen of Luschka)

A

Find by pushing a probe into the lateral recess of the IV ventricle is another route for exit of ventricular CSF

37
Q

Choroid Plexus in the roof of the fourth ventricle

A

Often lost in preparation

38
Q

SAS

A

Has a complex contour that is also important in image analysis

39
Q

Cortical Sulci

A

Contain “sulcal” CSF and cerebral arteries and veins within extensions of the SAS that surrounds entire CNS

40
Q

Crests of Cortical Gyri

A

Are surrounded by a thin layer of Subarachnoid CSF that ids in protecting the soft cortical tissue

41
Q

Cisterns

A

Expansions of SAS

42
Q

Cerebellomedullary cistern (cisterna magna)

A

The large area between the dorsal surface of the caudal medulla and the ventral surface of the cerebellum

43
Q

Pontine Cistern

A

area between the pons and the arachnoid and dura covering the base of the skull

44
Q

Interpeduncular Cistern

A

Area between the anterior midbrain and the base of the skull

45
Q

Quadrigeminal or superior cistern

A

Area posterior trio the midbrain and superior to the cerebellum

46
Q

Ambient Cistern

A

Superior cistern is continuous laterally within a thin, curved layer of the SAS on each side that partially encircles the midbrain before opening into the interpeduncular cistern. The combo of these sheetlike extensions and the superior cistern is what’s referred to as the ambient cistern

47
Q

Supratentorial Compartment

A

Above the level of the tentorium cerebelli and midbrain

48
Q

Infratentorial compartment

A

Between the tentorium cerebelli and foramen magnum

49
Q

Vertebral Canal

A

Continuous opening in the vertebral column for the spinal cord, meninges, and CSF

50
Q

Areas of SASA in the supratentorial compartment

A

Peripheral SAS: CSF between the arachnoid mater and pia surface of the cortex
Sulcal SAS: CSF layer between adjacent gyri

51
Q

Areas of the SAS in the infratentorial compartment

A 
Superior Cistern
Interpeduncular cistern
Pontine cistern
Cisterna magna
Spinal SAS
52
Q

Areas of the ventricular System

A 
Lateral ventricle
Interventricular foramen
III Ventricle
Cerebral Aqueduct
IV Ventricle
Position of the lateral aperture
Position of the median aperture
53
Q

Termination of the Spinal Cord

A

Usually at vertebral levels L1 or L2

54
Q

Termination of the SAS and Dural Sac

A

usually at vertebral level S2

55
Q

Lumbar Cistern

A

Caudal part of the SAS; is the most common site for removal of CSF in a lumbar tap

BMB G Lab Underline Terms (15 decks)

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