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BMB G Lab Underline Terms > Lab 3: Gross And Internal CNS III > Flashcards

Lab 3: Gross And Internal CNS III Flashcards

1
Q

Lateral Fissue

A

A deep groove that separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes

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2
Q

Central Sulcus

A

A relatively unbroken vertical sulcus that separates the frontal and parietal lobes

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3
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

The major cortical commissure

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4
Q

Central Sulcus (medial view of cerebral cortex)

A

It’s superior end forms a small notch that makes the boundary between the frontal and parietal lobes

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5
Q

Cingulate Sulcus

A

Encircles the corpus callosum and ends posteriorly as 2 vertical branches that surround the central sulcus; anterior (paracentral sulcus) and posterior (marginal sulcus)

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6
Q

Parietooccipital Sulcus

A

Posterior angled sulcus that separates parietal and occipital lobes

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7
Q

Calcarine Sulcus

A

Horizontal sulcus within the occipital cortex; it’s walls contain the primary visual cortex

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8
Q

Insular Lobe (insula)

A

Deep lobe on the lateral surface. Gently spread margins of lateral fissure to observe. Contains short vertical gyri

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9
Q

Basal Surface of Forebrain

A

Examine the frontal lobe that rests on the roof of the orbit

Temporal lobe that’s lateral to the floor of the hypothalamus (contains the mammillary bodies)

Occipital gyri: posterior pole

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10
Q

Frontal Lobe Gyri

A

Precentral gyrus: vertical gyrus immediately anterior to the central sulcus. Contains most of the primary motor cortex that sends voluntary movement to the opposite side of the body above the knee

Anterior to this: there are 3 named gyri that are relatively horizontal
Subdivide these into: Superior frontal gyrus
Middle frontal gyrus (looks like 2 gyri)- contain areas for thinking and decision making
Inferior frontal gyrus

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11
Q

Inferior frontal gyrus

A

Subdivided into orbital (anterior)
Triangular (middle)
Opercular (posterior)

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12
Q

Broca’s Area

A

Usually in the left hemisphere (language dominant)

Triangular and opercular parts

Involved with selection of words for voluntary speech

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13
Q

Paracentral lobule

A

Surrounds the central sulcus on the medial view of the cerebral cortex (u-shaped). In between paracentral and marginal sulcus

Contains:
Anterior paracentral lobule that contains primary motor cortex for leg/foot (frontal lobe)
Posterior paracentral lobule that contains somatosensory cortex for leg/foot (parietal lobe)

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14
Q

Orbital frontal cortex

A

Basal surface of the cerebral cortex

Component of the limbic or emotional system

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15
Q

postcentral gyrus (parietal lobe)

A

Contains primary somatosensory cortex which receives impulses from receptors on the opposite side of the body above the knee

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16
Q

Superior parietal lobule and Inferior parietal lobule

A

Areas involved with memory storage of internal and environmental spatial info

3-D CNS info

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17
Q

Temporal Lobe Gyrus

A

Superior Temporal Gyrus: upper lateral gyrus

Middle Temporal Gyrus: intermediate lateral gyrus separated from the superior Temporal Gyrus by a superior temporal sulcus

Inferior Temporal Gyrus: lower gyrus that borders the basal surface

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18
Q

Transverse Temporal Gyri

A

2-3 gyri that extend horizontally inward from the superior Temporal gyrus to the depths of the lateral fissure

Contain primary auditory cortex for perception of sound stimuli

Continuous with the superior Temporal gyrus

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19
Q

Planum Temporale

A

Posterior to the transverse temporal gyri

Upper surface of the superior Temporal gyrus

Continuous with cortex of the inferior parietal lobule

High level sensory processing

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20
Q

Wernicke’s Area (receptive speech)

A

Language dominant hemisphere (usually the left)

Planum Temporale and adjacent areas of the inferior parietal lobule

Processing for the comprehension of spoken, written or sign language

21
Q

Parahippocampal gyrus

A

Medial gyrus of the basal surface of the temporal lobe

22
Q

Uncus

A

Medial fold of the rostrum end of the parahippocampal gyrus

Clinically: during increased intracranial pressures above the tentorium cerebellum, it can herniated through the opening formed by the free edge of the tentorium and compress structures of the midbrain

23
Q

Gyri of Insula

A

Lateral surface, deep in the lateral fissure

Function in taste, visceral sensation and possibly paths linked to addiction

24
Q

Lateral Occipital Lobe Gyri

A

A small number of broken gyri at the posterior pole

25
Q

Occipital Lobe (medial view)

A

Cortex posterior to the parietal-occipital sulcus

26
Q

Cuneus (these are gyri)

A

Upper occipital cortex on the medial side

27
Q

Calcarine Fissure

A

Separates the cuneus above from lingual gyrus below

28
Q

Lingual Gyrus

A

Below calcarine fissure

Extending to posterior pole

29
Q

Limbic Lobe

A

Concerned with emotional tone and memory

Encircles the corpus callosum q

30
Q

Cingulate gyrus (limbic lobe)

A

Encircling most of the corpus callosum

31
Q

Parahippocampal gyrus and uncus

A

Difficult to see except on the basal surface

32
Q

Medial view of the Corpus Callosum and its components

A

It’s a major cortical commissure that includes:

rostrum-thinned anteroventral area
Genu-anterior bending part
Body-large intermediate part
Splenium-caudal part

33
Q

Lamina Terminalis

A

Vertical membrane that descends from the rostrum of the corpus callosum. It was the roster all end of the medial forebrain during development

34
Q

Anterior Commissure

A

Posterior to the lamina terminalis; connects parts of left and right Temporal lobe

35
Q

Septum Pellucidum

A

Midline membrane that separates the lateral ventricles

36
Q

Diencephalon

A

This part of the forebrain surrounds the third ventricle and is deep to the cerebral hemispheres. It has several components including the thalamus, hypothalamus and pineal gland

37
Q

Hypothalamic Sulcus

A

Groove along the wall of the third ventricle that marks the boundary between the thalamus (above) and hypothalamus (below)

38
Q

Thalamus

A

Superior to hypothalamic sulcus

39
Q

Massa intermedia or interthalamic adhesion

A

Thalamic nuclei that variably fuse in the midline

40
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Below hypothalamic sulcus

41
Q

Optic Chiasm

A

Crossing of optic nerve fibers

42
Q

Falx Cerebri and Tentorium Cerebelli

A

Supportive partitions between parts of the brain

43
Q

Internal Capsule

A

Boomerang-shaped sheet of white matter that is seen on an axial slice of the forebrain

44
Q

Subcortical nuclei called Basal ganglia

A

Seen on axial slice of the forebrain

45
Q

Longitudinal cerebral fissure and lateral fissure

A

External landmarks on an axial slice of the forebrain

46
Q

Subdivisions of Telencephalon on an Axial Scan

A

Cortex
White matter including subcortical white matter: core of white matter in each cortical gyrus that consists of fibers traveling to and from its cortical neurons
And Deep white matter: located deep to the subcortical area; contains many tracts traveling in different directions
Internal capsule: boomerang-shaped bundle of axons that connect the cerebral cortex and lower CNS areas; has subdivisions three of which are landmarks that can be seen together ONLY IN THE HORIZONTAL PLANE

47
Q

Three parts of internal capsule

A

Can only bee seen together in the HORIZONTAL PLANE

Anterior limb: located between 2 subcortical nuclei or basal ganglion
Genu (bend): lateral to the interventricular foramen (part of ventricular system that connects the lateral and third ventricle)
Posterior limb: area between the thalamus medially and a subcortical nucleus called the lentiform nucleus laterally

48
Q

Subcortical Nuclei or Basal Ganglion on an Axial Image

A

Include several individual nuclei, including the caudate nucleus (anterior) and a group of nuclei described collectively as the lentiform nucleus; involved in movement planning

49
Q

Coronal Section of the Forebrain (structures seen)

A

Thalamus (diencephalon)
Telencephalon: that includes:
Cortex: peripheral sheet of gray matter
Subcortical white matter: finger-like white matter projections that consist of axons bringing info to and from cortical neurons
Deep White Matter: mass of bundles of fibers passing in different directions
Posterior Limb of internal capsule: bundle of fibers traveling between the thalamus and the lentiform nucleus en route to the cortex or lower structures
Subcortical nuclei (basal ganglion): including the lentiform nucleus (putamen and globus pallidus) that are located lateral to the internal capsule
Also can see: longitudinal and lateral fissures, cerebral peduncles of the midbrain and the base of the pons

BMB G Lab Underline Terms (15 decks)

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