Lab 4: Alternation of Generations/Sex in a Dish (Part 1)

Question 1

What is alternation of generations?

Answer 1

a mode of sexual reproduction found in many plants that includes two distinct developmental phases defined by the events of meiosis and fertilization

Question 2

What are the products of meiosis in alternation of generations?

Answer 2

haploid spores

Question 3

How many cells are spores?

Answer 3

one

Question 4

What do spores turn into once they have germinated?

Answer 4

Gametophye

Question 5

What is the multicellular haploid phase of the plant life cycle?

Answer 5

The gametophyte

Question 6

What do gametophytes produce?

Answer 6

gametes

Question 7

Is mitosis or meiosis used for a gametophyte to produce gametes?

Answer 7

mitosis

Question 8

T or F? The gametophyte also can be used as a site for fertilization.

Answer 8

T

Question 9

Development of a zygote will end in the creation of what stage of the cell cycle?

Answer 9

Sporophyte

Question 10

What is the multicellular diploid stage of the cell cycle?

Answer 10

Sporophtye

Question 11

Which type of plant (NV/V) has gametophyte dominance?

Answer 11

Non-vascular

Question 12

T or F? Vascular plants have a gametophyte dominant generation.

Answer 12

F

Question 13

What is the Archegonia?

Answer 13

The female reproductive organ of a plant

Question 14

What is the Antheridia?

Answer 14

The male reproductive organ of the plant

Question 15

What is the sporandia?

Answer 15

the structure in which mother spores are held

Question 16

What are rhizoids?

Answer 16

filament anchors of the gametophyte

Question 17

What is the chemical used to help the sperm find the egg?

Answer 17

SAAF (sperm activation and attracting force)

Question 18

What are homosporous spores?

Answer 18

spores that are all the same size and will give rise male and hermaphroditic cells

Question 19

Why are there so few hermaphrodites and so many male spores?

Answer 19

Because the first cell in an area develops into a hermaphrodite and then sends out a hormone to restrict the growth of more hermaphrodites

Question 20

what is the hormone released by hermaphrodites?

Answer 20

Antheridiogen

Question 21

What are the 3 positive effects of lots of sperm and few hermaphrodites in an area?

Answer 21

1. increases genetic variability
2. increases cross fertilization
3. reduces self fertilization

Question 22

Why is it beneficial to only have a couple hermaphrodites in an area?

Answer 22

reduces competition between the hermaphrodites for resources

Question 23

Why is it beneficial for hermaphrodite spores to be the first to grow in an area?

Answer 23

gives the hermaphrodite a head start because in the end it will be bigger than its male counterparts

Question 24

What type of cells are the products of meiosis in plants?

Answer 24

spores

Question 25

What type of sex cells are the products of mitosis in plants?

Answer 25

sperm and egg (gametes)

Question 26

What is the ploidy level of spores and what phase of the plant life cycle do they develop into?

Answer 26

n, gametophyte

Question 27

If there are known to be hermaphroditic spores for a plant will the spores be similar or different in size?

Answer 27

similar

Question 28

How many cells are in a spore?

Answer 28

one

Question 29

A single, spore-bearing plant can produce millions of spores. What is the main reason that so many spores are produced?

Answer 29

increased chance of germination

Question 30

What is a trilet mark?

Answer 30

a scar on a spore showing where its 3 other sibling spores were once connected

Question 31

why might results for spores number be different than expected based on the serial dilutions performed?

Answer 31

inversions and non-homogenous concentrations