Chapter 10: Animal Diversity Part I Flashcards
What are the three characteristics all animals share?
- Multicellular
- Heterotrophic
- Have collagen
What are 3 characteristics of all Porifera?
- aquatic
- lack of symmetry
- lack true organ tissue
Sponges “eat” by…?
filter feeding- drawing water into the small external Ostia by means of beating flagella of the choanocytes and out through the osculum
mesohyl
gelatinous mixture that holds choanocytes, internal body cells, and external body cells
spongin
a special protein found in the mesohyl of sponges
spicules
extracellular calcium carbonate or silica that function as a skeleton
totipotency
most body cells can generate an entire organism given the right conditions
choanocytes
flagellated cells with gelatinous collars of microvilli surrounding a flagellum
gemmules
small, budding cell groups that are produces by a form of asexual reproduction
Do Porifera have true tissue?
no
Cnidaria are diploblastic. T or F?
T
Diploblastic
true tissues and posses two germ layers
What are the two germ laters?
ectoderm and endoderm
Ectoderm
forms outer epidermis
Endoderm
forms inner gastrodermis
Cnidaria have mesoderm layer. T or F?
F
Cnidarians have _______ symmetry
radial
polyp
sessile stage
medusa
free-swimming stage
cnidocytes
found in some cnidaria that have contain special stinging cells
nematocyst
a specialized stinging cell found on cnidocytes on cnidaria
What are nematocysts used for?
food capture and defense
cnidarians have an __________ digestive system
incomplete
the cells inside the blastula are ___ derm and the cells on the outside the blastula are ___ derm
endoderm
exoderm
the ____derm will become the nervous system and the epidermis
ectoderm
the ____derm will develop into the musculature and the red blood cells
mesoderm
deuterostomes
have both and anus and a mouth (anus develops first)
triploblastic organisms exhibit _______ symmetry
bilateral
lophotrochozoa have ________ and _________
trochozoa or lophophore
What are the 5 types of lophotrochozoan phylum?
- Platyhelminthes
- Rotifera
- Brachiopoda
- Mollusca
- Annelida
Playhelminthese are also known as..?
Flatworms
aceolomates
loss of coelom from earlier ancestry
what are the hosts for liver fluke?
humans, fish, and snails
Scolex
anchors parasite to the host
Proglottids
sex organs
What is the commonage of Rotifera?
Wheel Animals
Pseudocoel
a fluid filled cavity that surrounds the gut tube
Corona
cilia on the head
Mastax
jaw like muscular structure used to crush food
What is the major evolutionary advancement of the phylum Rotifera?
complete digestive system (mouth and anus)
Epizoic
live on the surface go other animals
Mollusca include what common animals?
snails, clams, and squid
Mollusca have a true coelom. T or F?
T
mesenteries
connect the gut dorsally and ventrally and serve as an electrostatic skeleton that absorbs the shock and stabilizes other organs
Annelida are known as what more commonly?
segmented worms
What is the difference between earthworms and mollusks?
Annelida have segmented body plan
The coelom in annelids is divided into segments called __________ by _______
metameres
septa
peristaltic movement
crawling and burrowing is achieved by alternating waves of contraction of longitudinal and circular muscle passing down the body
parapodia
appendages on most segments that are mainly used for crawling, swimming, and anchoring
setae
bristle like hairs that are used for digging and anchoring
clitellum
a reproductive structure that secretes mucus
Leeches lack parapodia and setae. T or F?
T
Ecdysozoa
the clade of animals that develop a tendency to grow larger by molting their outer layers of cells
cuticle
the outer layers of cells
ecdysis
molting
Nematoda are commonly known as…?
Roundworms
Nematodes are _____coelomates
pseudo
is a pseudocoel is a synapomorphy?
no
What are some common animals within the arthropoda?
insects, spiders, centipedes, and millipedes
What are 4 characteristics of arthropoda?
- segmented body
- paired jointed appendages
- complex muscular system
- exoskeleton
Which phylum lacks organized tissue?
Porifera
Which phylum is diploblastic and characterized by cnidocytes?
Cnidaria
What phylum are triploblastic?
flatworms, Rotifera, Mollusca, annelida, Nematoda, and arthropoda
Which phylum are lophotrochozoa?
flatworms, Rotifera, Mollusca, and annelida
Which phyla are Ecdysozoa?
Nematoda and Anthropoda
What is the order from oldest to newest of the phylum?
Porifera, cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Rotifera, Mollusca, annelida, Nematoda, Arthropoda
