Lab 4/5 - Muscle Anatomy and Movement Analysis + Muscular Strength, Power & Endurance

Question 1

functions of the trapezius muscle?

Answer 1

• tilt and turn the head and neck
• steady shoulders and twist arms
• stabilize and move scapula

Question 2

functions of the serratus anterior muscle?

Answer 2

• big swing muscle
• responsible for protraction of scapula
• upward rotation of scapula

Question 3

functions of the rhomboid muscle?

Answer 3

• under trapezius
• keeps the scapula to the rib cage
• retraction and downward rotation of the scapula

Question 4

functions of the levator scapulae muscle?

Answer 4

• elevates the medial margin of the scapula

Question 5

functions of the deltoid muscles?

Answer 5

• anterior portion = flexion and horizontal flexion
• middle portion = abduction and horizontal flexion
• posterior portion = horizontal extension, assists with extension

Question 6

functions of the pectoralis major muscle?

Answer 6

• flexion of the humerus
• adducts the humerus
• rotates the humerus medially
• responsible for keeping arm attached to trunk of body

Question 7

functions of latissimus dorsi muscle?

Answer 7

extension, adduction

- assists in inward rotation and horizontal extension

Question 8

functions of briceps brachii muscle?

Answer 8

• supination of the forearm

- assists in flexion of the shoulder joint

Question 9

functions of the brachialis muscle?

Answer 9

flexion

Question 10

functions of the triceps brachia muscle?

Answer 10

• extension in elbow joint

- extension in shoulder joint

Question 11

functions of the flexor muscles?

Answer 11

flexion of writs and fingers

Question 12

functions of extensor muscles?

Answer 12

extension of wrist and fingers

Question 13

functions of abdominal muscle groups?

Answer 13

trunk flexion and lateral flexion

Question 14

functions of erector spinae muscle group?(8 muscles)

Answer 14

• act as one great extensor muscle of the vertebral column and head
• some of these muscles act on lateral flexion and rotation of trunk

Question 15

functions of the iliac and psoas muscle?

Answer 15

flexion at hip joint

psoas muscle = trunk flexion

Question 16

functions of the gluteus maximus muscle?

Answer 16

• extension of thigh at hip joint and outward rotation

- when running, hopping, jumping, climbing stairs

Question 17

function of gluteus medius muscle?

Answer 17

• abduction at hip joint

Question 18

function of the adductor magnus muscle?

Answer 18

• adduction at the hip joint

Question 19

function of the quadriceps muscle group?

Answer 19

• extension at knee
• the great extensor of the leg
• rectus femoris= flexion at hip joint

Question 20

functions of the hamstring muscle?

Answer 20

• flexion at the knee joint

- extension at the hip joint

Question 21

functions of the gastrocnemius muscle?

Answer 21

• plantar flexion of the foot

- assists flexion at the knee

Question 22

functions of the soleus muscle?

Answer 22

• plantar flexion of the foot

Question 23

functions of the tibialis anterior muscle?

Answer 23

• dorsiflexion of the foot

prevents stubbing the toes as limbs swing forward

Question 24

what joint actions and muscles are involved in the dumbbell fly exercise?

Answer 24

• joints: shoulder joint horizontal adduction

- muscles: pectoralis major muscle, anterior deltoid

Question 25

if your deltoid muscles were paralyzed, how would this affect the activities which you are able to perform?

Answer 25

would not be able to perform abduction, flexion, horizontal flexion and extension

Question 26

describe four possible movements of the humerus that can occur at the shoulder joint and name the prime mover of each movement

Answer 26

flexion = anterior deltoid, clavicular pectoralis major
abduction = middle deltoid
horizontal flexion = anterior deltoid, clavicular pectoralis major
inward rotation = anterior deltoid

Question 27

why would individuals accustomed to wearing high-heeled shoes experience discomfort when wearing low-heeled shoes?

Answer 27

individual would be accustomed to constant plantar flexion

Question 28

where might the discomfort be found and what are some possible anatomic and mechanical reasons? (high-heeled shoes)

Answer 28

• discomfort in the tibialis anterior muscle as dorsiflexion is not common for the individual

Question 29

how is walking different from running with regard to the use of the hip joint muscle actions and range of motion?

Answer 29

the gluteus maximus is strongly activated when running and easily activated during walking

Question 30

why are there different protocols for the so called “male” and “female” push ups?

Answer 30

• males, on average, have more upper body strength

Question 31

what is the vertical jump test? what factors can affect the distance jumped?

Answer 31

• test to measure power

- factors: muscle strength in legs as well as mass

Question 32

differentiate between strength, power and muscle endurance. give examples

Answer 32

strength = grip strength
power = vertical jump
muscular endurance = push ups

Question 33

explain the shape of your velocity versus force graph and your power versus force graph, what general information is given by these graphs regarding the optimal combination of force and velocity need to obtain maximal power output?

Answer 33

• velocity vs. force = inversely proportional which indicates that as force increases, velocity decreases
• power vs. force = shaped like an inverse parabola, indicates that power is peaked when force is around the halfway point