Lab 1 - Osteology

Question 1

describe the functions of the patella. How is the patella different from the other bones of the leg?

Answer 1

• used as a fulcrum to give more power to the knee
• protection for the knee joint
• maintains tendon position

Question 2

name the bones of the pectoral girdle and the bones of the pelvic girdle

Answer 2

pectoral = clavicle, scapula, corracoid
pelvic = ischium, ilium pubis, coccyx

Question 3

compare the pectoral and pelvic girdles woth regard to strength, function, and versatility

Answer 3

• pectoral girdle has less strength but more mobile and versatile
• pelvic girdle is built for more weight bearing and more stable but less versatile

Question 4

what functions does the clavicle serve in the skeletal system?

Answer 4

• support arm and scapula
• improve leverage and strength to arm
• protects blood vessels and nerves that travel into the arm
• shock absorber of upper torso
• attachment point for 6 muscles and tendons

Question 5

to which bones does the scapular articulate?

Answer 5

clavicle and humerus

Question 6

describe the bony arrangement which are involved in the elbow joint

Answer 6

• humeroulnar joint
• humeroradial
• superior radioulnar

Question 7

describe the differences between a male pelvis and a female pelvis

Answer 7

female = larger, broader, oval opening
male = taller, narrower, more compact, heart shaped opening

Question 8

describe the four major curvatures of the vertebral column

Answer 8

neck = cervical, concave
chest = thoracic, convex
abdomen = lumbar, concave
lower back = convex, coccygeal

Question 9

what is the function of the thoracic cage?

Answer 9

• to protect heart, lungs, abdominal organs
• protects shoulder girdle and arms
• attachment point of respiratory muscles

Question 10

distinguish between true, false and floating ribs

Answer 10

• true ribs = attach directly to sternum
• false ribs = attach to the rib above it, NOT sternum
• floating ribs: attach to vertebrae only

Question 11

what are the functions of the acromion process of the scapula?

Answer 11

• projections of bone from scapula
• articulates with clavicle
• attachment point for trapezius and deltoid muscle

Question 12

what are the functions of the coracoid process of the scapula?

Answer 12

• projection of bone from scapula
• limits shoulder movement
• attachment for biceps brachii and pectoralis minor

Question 13

what is the function of the tibial tuberosity?

Answer 13

• top anterior tibia below knee joint

- attachment of patella ligament and quadriceps tendon

Question 14

describe the three differences between the adult skull and the baby skull?

Answer 14

adult skull: plate fused by immovable fibrous joints

baby skull: many unfused plates, 6 openings called fontanelles