Lab 4&5

Question 1

a purine base found DNA and RNA

Answer 1

adenine

Question 2

a jelly-like slab used to separate molecules on the basis of molecular weight

Answer 2

Agarose gel

Question 3

a three nucleotide sequence in tRNA that is complementary to a codon in mRNA

Answer 3

Anticodon

Question 4

feature of DNA double helix in which nucleotides face “up” on one side of the helix and “down” on the other.

Answer 4

Antiparallel

Question 5

the structure in which tow bases in opposite strands of DNA hydrogen-bond with each other

Answer 5

base pair

Question 6

a component of nucleotides that is a single or double ring of carbon and nitrogen.

Answer 6

bases

Question 7

a sequence of three nucleotides bases that specifies a particular amino acid or a stop codon; codons function during translation.

Answer 7

codon

Question 8

complementary bases pair with each other by hydrogen bonding across the DNA helix; adenine with thymine and cytosine to guanine.

Answer 8

Complementary base pair

Question 9

the genetic material that provides a blueprint for the

Answer 9

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Question 10

5 Carbon sugar in DNA

Answer 10

Deoxyribose

Question 11

a technology that identifies particular individuals using properties of their DNA

Answer 11

DNA Fingerprinting

Question 12

the process by which DNA is copied

Answer 12

DNA replication

Question 13

a technique used to separate macromolecules by using an electric field that causes them to pass trough a gel matrix.

Answer 13

Gel Electrophoresis

Question 14

A unit of heredity that contributes to the characteristics/traits of an organism

Answer 14

Gene

Question 15

complete genetic composition of a cell or a species

Answer 15

Genome

Question 16

RNA that contains the information to specify a polypeptide with a particular amino acid sequence.

Answer 16

Messenger RNA

Question 17

protein structure that moves chromosomes around during mitosis and meiosis.

Answer 17

Microtubule

Question 18

an organic molecule composed of nucleotides. The two types of nucleic acids deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Answer 18

Nucleic Acids

Question 19

organic molecules having three components: one or more phosphate groups, a five-carbon sugar (either deoxyribose or ribose), and a singe or double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms known as a base.

Answer 19

Nucleotides

Question 20

technique used to make many copies of a gene in vitro: primers are used to flank region of DNA to be amplified

Answer 20

Polymerase

Question 21

a technique used for replication DNA that can produce millions of copies of a DNA sequence in just a few hours from a small initial amount of DNA

Answer 21

Polymerase chain reaction

Question 22

short segments of RNA, typically 10 - 12 nucleotides in length, that are needed to begin DNA replication

Answer 22

Primers

Question 23

the site in DNA where transcription begins

Answer 23

Promoter

Question 24

two-ring structured base; adenine and guanine.

Answer 24

Purine

Question 25

single ring structured base; cytosine, thymine, and uracil

Answer 25

Pyrimidine

Question 26

the five-carbon sugar in RNA

Answer 26

Ribose

Question 27

a structure composed of proteins and rRNA that provides the site where polypeptide synthesis occurs.

Answer 27

Ribosome

Question 28

enzyme that synthesizes mRNA from a DNA template during transcription.

Answer 28

RNA Polymerase

Question 29

series of alternation sugars and phosphates along the length of the DNA helix.

Answer 29

Sugar Phosphate Backbone

Question 30

The three-dimensional structure of double-stranded DNA, in which polymeric nucleotide strands whose complementary nitrogen bases are linked by hydrogen bonds form a helical configuration.

Answer 30

DNA Helix

Question 31

is a thermostable DNA polymerase that is frequently used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Answer 31

TAQ Polymerase

Question 32

a pyrimidine base found in DNA.

Answer 32

thymine

Question 33

the use of a gene sequence to make a copy of RNA.

Answer 33

Transcription

Question 34

an RNA that carries animo acids and is used to translate mRNA into polypeptides

Answer 34

Transfer RNA

Question 35

the process of synthesizing a specific polypeptide on a ribosome.

Answer 35

Translation

Question 36

a pyrimidine base found in RNA

Answer 36

Uracil