biology exam 1 Flashcards
A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment
Ecosystem
the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem. refers to the variety of life. It is seen in the number of species in an ecosystem or on the entire Earth.
Biodiversity
the cultivation of a single crop in a given area. reusing same soil, growing the same crops over and over. can lead to things such as the potato blight
Monoculture
an urban area in which it is difficult to buy affordable or good-quality fresh food.
Food desert
the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its with the environment.
phenotype
(organisms that make their own food from sunlight and/or chemical energy from deep sea vents) are the base of every food chain
Primary producer/supporting service
each of several hierarchical levels in an ecosystem, comprising organisms that share the same function in the food chain and the same nutritional relationship to the primary sources of energy.
Trophic Level
Using farming techniques that protect the environment, public health, human communities and animal welfare. include examples
Sustainable Agriculture
rotating crops, water conservation
uses synthetic chemicals and fertilizers to maximize the yield of a particular crop or set of crops, which are typically genetically modified.
conventional Farming
The genetic makeup of an organism.
Genotype
the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. The theory of its action was first fully expounded by Charles Darwin and is now believed to be the main process that brings about evolution.
Natural Selection
Ex
is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques
GMO, genetically modified organism
human intervention. intentional reproduction of individuals in a population that have desirable traits.
Artificial Selection
Ex
evolutionary hypothesis which proposes that organisms must constantly adapt, evolve, and proliferate not merely to gain reproductive advantage, but also simply to survive while pitted against ever-evolving opposing organisms in a constantly changing environment.
Evolutionary Arms race (Red Queen hypothesis)
Fresh water minerals timber food energy medicine
Provisioning Services
