Exam 2

Question 1

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Answer 1

Chromosome

Question 2

a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.

Answer 2

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 3

a very strong reason for acting in a certain way, for example, to protect your money, power, or reputation

Answer 3

vested Interest

Question 4

of a species, family, or other larger group) having no living members

Answer 4

Extinct

Question 5

is the most recent population of organisms from which all organisms now living on Earth have a common descent.

Answer 5

LUCA Last universal common ancestor

Question 6

a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person. genetically determined

Answer 6

trait

Question 7

the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth.

Answer 7

evolution

Question 8

still in existence; surviving.

Answer 8

Extant

Question 9

showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities—their phylogeny —based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.

Answer 9

Phylogenetic Tree

Question 10

a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.

Answer 10

Gamete

Question 11

a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

Answer 11

Gene

Question 12

does not obtain its energy from the sun. It gets its energy by consuming plant or animal matter

Answer 12

Heterotrophic

Question 13

explains how eukaryotic cells may have evolved from prokaryotic cells. Basically, this means that once upon a time, there were three prokaryotic cells: one that was capable of aerobic respiration and converting energy, one that was capable of photosynthesis and one that was incapable of doing either of these processes. The lazy cell that was incapable of doing respiration and photosynthesis engulfed - or ate - the other cells.

Answer 13

Endosymbiotic Theory

Question 14

4 DNA components

Answer 14

Encoding Information, Gene expression, replication, mutation/recombonation

Question 15

practical applications of trees

Answer 15

medical, conservation, criminal justice, phylogeny

Question 16

Science Literacy points

Answer 16

Science is a collaborative process

Science is not static

Some science sources have more of a vested interest than others

applied science is not only for professional scientists