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Lab/ Bio > Lab 4 > Flashcards

Lab 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

homologous chromosomes

A

1 chromosome from mom and one from dad that are the same size, shape, and carries the same gene that line up together in Meiosis

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2
Q
A

dip
dip
hap
dip
hap

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3
Q

What does a cell have to have in order to be diploid

A

a homologous partner

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4
Q

Genotype

A

ordered list of all the genes and alleles being studied

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5
Q

genotype for haploid cells

A

A, Ab

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6
Q

genotype for diploid cells

A

Aa, AABb

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7
Q

Meiosis

A

specialized process of cell division that produces haploid cells with generic variability

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8
Q

What happens in Meiosis 1

A

homologous chromosomes are separated reducing the ploidy from diploid to haploid

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9
Q

what happens in Meiosis 2

A

replicated chromosomes are separated into single chromosomes

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10
Q

Interkinesis

A

interphase-like stage that is short and don’t include DNA replication between Meiosis 1 and 2

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11
Q

Prophase 1(4)

A

-replicated chromosomes condense
-spindle forms
-Homologous chromosomes pair up
-crossing over

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12
Q

Prometaphase 1 (2)

A

-nuclear envelope disintegrates
-spindle attaches to centromeres of each chromosome

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13
Q

Metaphase 1(1)

A

tetrads line up along the metaphase plate

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14
Q

Anaphase 1 (1)

A

chromosome pairs separate

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15
Q

Telophase 1 (5)

A

-chromosomes being to uncoil
-spindle disappears
-nuclear envelope reforms
-cytokinesis begins (animal cells completely separate, plant cells stay together)
-cells are now haploid

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16
Q

Prophase 2 (2)

A

-chromosomes condense
-new spindle forms

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17
Q

Prometaphase 2 (2)

A

-nuclear envelope disintegrates
-Spindle attaches to centromeres

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18
Q

Metaphase 2 (1)

A

line up individually on metaphase plate

19
Q

Anaphase 2 (1)

A

pull apart resulting in single chromosomes

20
Q

Telophase 2 (6)

A

-chromosomes uncoil
-spindle disappears
-nuclear envelope forms
-nucleoli visible
-cytokinesis beings
-4 haploid cells

21
Q

diploid cells in plants

A

sporocytes

22
Q

what to sporocytes mate with and what do they form

A

sporangia to form haploid spores

23
Q

Life cycle of a plant

A

alternation of generation

24
Q

mitosis haploid plant cells

A

gametophyte

25
Q

mitosis diploid plant

A

sporophyte

26
Q

rhizoids

A

take in nutrients
take in water
anchour plants
(haploid)

27
Q

rhizome

A

horizontal stems
asexual reproduction
(diploid)

28
Q

roots

A

take in nutrients
take in water
anchour plants
(diploid)

29
Q

sorus

A

a cluster of sporangia

30
Q

cells on the underside of the gametophyte

A

reproductive organs

antheridia (male)

archegonia (female)

31
Q

where does the intersection of chromosomes/ crossing over happen

A

chiasma

32
Q

form in which a gene exists is called an

A

allele

33
Q

___ cells have one set of chromosomes

A

haploid

34
Q

homologous chromosomes must be the same shape, size, and carry the same

A

genes

35
Q

life cycle of plants is called ________________. The _____ stage is called the sporophyte, while the haploid stage is called the _________

A

alternation of generations
diploid
gametophyte

36
Q

how does a fern gametophyte obtain food/sugar

A

photosynthesis

37
Q

how does a fern gametophyte obtain water

A

rhizoids

38
Q

cells produced
ploidy
nuclear division
ovaries

A

egg
haploid
meiosis

39
Q

cells produced
ploidy
nuclear division
testes

A

sperm
haploid
meiosis

40
Q

cells produced
ploidy
nuclear division
sporangium

A

sporus
haploid
meiosis

41
Q

cells produced
ploidy
nuclear division
antheridium

A

sperm
haploid
mitosis

42
Q

cells produced
ploidy
nuclear division
archegonium

A

egg
haploid
mitosis

43
Q

Name all 4 parts

A

Gametophyte
Top: archegonium (egg)
Bottom: anthererium (sperm)
Rhizoids

44
Q
A

Sorus
Cluster of sporangia

Lab/ Bio (6 decks)

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