Lab 4

Question 1

homologous chromosomes

Answer 1

1 chromosome from mom and one from dad that are the same size, shape, and carries the same gene that line up together in Meiosis

Question 2

Answer 2

dip
dip
hap
dip
hap

Question 3

What does a cell have to have in order to be diploid

Answer 3

a homologous partner

Question 4

Genotype

Answer 4

ordered list of all the genes and alleles being studied

Question 5

genotype for haploid cells

Answer 5

A, Ab

Question 6

genotype for diploid cells

Answer 6

Aa, AABb

Question 7

Meiosis

Answer 7

specialized process of cell division that produces haploid cells with generic variability

Question 8

What happens in Meiosis 1

Answer 8

homologous chromosomes are separated reducing the ploidy from diploid to haploid

Question 9

what happens in Meiosis 2

Answer 9

replicated chromosomes are separated into single chromosomes

Question 10

Interkinesis

Answer 10

interphase-like stage that is short and don’t include DNA replication between Meiosis 1 and 2

Question 11

Prophase 1(4)

Answer 11

-replicated chromosomes condense
-spindle forms
-Homologous chromosomes pair up
-crossing over

Question 12

Prometaphase 1 (2)

Answer 12

-nuclear envelope disintegrates
-spindle attaches to centromeres of each chromosome

Question 13

Metaphase 1(1)

Answer 13

tetrads line up along the metaphase plate

Question 14

Anaphase 1 (1)

Answer 14

chromosome pairs separate

Question 15

Telophase 1 (5)

Answer 15

-chromosomes being to uncoil
-spindle disappears
-nuclear envelope reforms
-cytokinesis begins (animal cells completely separate, plant cells stay together)
-cells are now haploid

Question 16

Prophase 2 (2)

Answer 16

-chromosomes condense
-new spindle forms

Question 17

Prometaphase 2 (2)

Answer 17

-nuclear envelope disintegrates
-Spindle attaches to centromeres

Question 18

Metaphase 2 (1)

Answer 18

line up individually on metaphase plate

Question 19

Anaphase 2 (1)

Answer 19

pull apart resulting in single chromosomes

Question 20

Telophase 2 (6)

Answer 20

-chromosomes uncoil
-spindle disappears
-nuclear envelope forms
-nucleoli visible
-cytokinesis beings
-4 haploid cells

Question 21

diploid cells in plants

Answer 21

sporocytes

Question 22

what to sporocytes mate with and what do they form

Answer 22

sporangia to form haploid spores

Question 23

Life cycle of a plant

Answer 23

alternation of generation

Question 24

mitosis haploid plant cells

Answer 24

gametophyte

Question 25

mitosis diploid plant

Answer 25

sporophyte

Question 26

rhizoids

Answer 26

take in nutrients take in water anchour plants (haploid)

Question 27

rhizome

Answer 27

horizontal stems asexual reproduction (diploid)

Question 28

roots

Answer 28

take in nutrients take in water anchour plants (diploid)

Question 29

sorus

Answer 29

a cluster of sporangia

Question 30

cells on the underside of the gametophyte

Answer 30

reproductive organs antheridia (male) archegonia (female)

Question 31

where does the intersection of chromosomes/ crossing over happen

Answer 31

chiasma

Question 32

form in which a gene exists is called an

Answer 32

allele

Question 33

___ cells have one set of chromosomes

Answer 33

haploid

Question 34

homologous chromosomes must be the same shape, size, and carry the same

Answer 34

genes

Question 35

life cycle of plants is called ________________. The _____ stage is called the sporophyte, while the haploid stage is called the _________

Answer 35

alternation of generations diploid gametophyte

Question 36

how does a fern gametophyte obtain food/sugar

Answer 36

photosynthesis

Question 37

how does a fern gametophyte obtain water

Answer 37

rhizoids

Question 38

cells produced ploidy nuclear division ovaries

Answer 38

egg haploid meiosis

Question 39

cells produced ploidy nuclear division testes

Answer 39

sperm haploid meiosis

Question 40

cells produced ploidy nuclear division sporangium

Answer 40

sporus haploid meiosis

Question 41

cells produced ploidy nuclear division antheridium

Answer 41

sperm haploid mitosis

Question 42

cells produced ploidy nuclear division archegonium

Answer 42

egg haploid mitosis

Question 43

Name all 4 parts

Answer 43

Gametophyte Top: archegonium (egg) Bottom: anthererium (sperm) Rhizoids

Question 44

Answer 44

Sorus Cluster of sporangia