Lab 3: Phylogeny & Cladistics

Question 1

Phylogeny

Answer 1

representation of how different types of organisms are related and can often look like a family tree

Question 2

Cladistics

Answer 2

visual of the hypothesis to the phylogeny of fossil species

Question 3

Speciation

Answer 3

new species formed (at the branching point) which was different from the species below it on the tree

Question 4

taxa

Answer 4

at the tips of the branches
-species, genera, families and/or orders)

Question 5

sister taxa

Answer 5

two taxa or group that branch from the same node

Question 6

clade

Answer 6

set of taxa that are ultimately derived from the same node

Question 7

monophyletic

Answer 7

set of taxa containing a common ancestor and all its decendants

Question 8

paraphyletic

Answer 8

set of taxa contaning a common ancestor but only some of its decendants

Question 9

polyphyletic

Answer 9

artificial grouping of taxa that DO NOT share a recent common ancestor

Question 10

Convergence

Answer 10

the same derived character state evolving twice independently

Question 11

reversal

Answer 11

possession of the ancestral character state by an organism whose ancestor actually had the derived character state

Question 12

synapomorphy

Answer 12

derived character shared by two or more groups that originated in their last common ancestor

Question 13

derived

Answer 13

a character state that is a modified version of the ancestral state

Question 14

character

Answer 14

a feature/attribute that has been selected for classification purposes, is capable of being measured and will have character states