5.5 minerals 5.5 can scratch glass

Lab 1: Minerals & Rocks Flashcards by Nicole Scott soccer

Define mineral

a solid, naturally occuring, inorganic, substance with a defined chemical composition and a geometric internal structure that is expressed as a crystal.
element examples: oxygen, silicon and iron

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define fossil

the remains or traces of ancient life (plants, animals, or micro-organisms)

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how can you identify minerals

luster, hardness, acid reactions

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define lustre and name 2 types of lustre

the way the mineral surface interacts with light.
1. metallic
2. non metallic

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metallic lustre

reflects all light, no light is absorbed or transmitted. Mineral may be shiny or dull

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non metallic lustre

reflects some light, but also absorbs or transmits some (glass)

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pyrite

fools gold- forms from wetlands if the O2 content in the water is low. Replaces original minerals in fossils

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hematite

redish, rusty oxidation product and are cementing agents in sedimentary rocks. Fills cavities in fossil bones and shells

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define hardness

minerals controlled by the strength of its internal chemical bonds and controls its ability to resist physical wear and abrasion

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Moh’s hardness scale

ranges from 1-10. 1 being soft 10 being hard.
A harder mineral will be able to scratch a softer one but a softer mineral can never scratch a harder mineral

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glass hardness

5.5
minerals <5.5 cannot scratch glass
minerals >5.5 can scratch glass

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Acid test

normal rain water is slightly acidic and reacts with calcite. The reaction also releases water.
Under ground environments and formation fluids maybe weakly to moderately acidic

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If fossils are eroded and exposed to acidic rainwater, or if they are buried and affected by acidic formation fluids what might happen to them?

Fossil will dissolve and react faster

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Name formula, metallic luster, hardness, acid reaction and crystal of QUARTZ

Formula: SiO2
Metallic Luster: No
Hardness: 7
Acid reaction: no
Crystal: Hexagonal Prism

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name formula, metallic luster, harness, acid reaction and crystal and colour of PYRITE

Formula: FeS2
Metallic Luster: yes
Hardness: 6-6.5
Acid reaction: no
Crystal: massive, cubic
colour: yellow-gold

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name formula, metallic luster, harness, acid reaction and crystal and colour of HEMATITE

Formula: Fe2O3
Metallic Luster: yes
Hardness: 5.5-6.5
Acid reaction: no
Crystal: massive
colour: silver-grey/red-brown

name formula, metallic luster, harness, acid reaction and crystal of CALCITE

Formula: CaCO3
Metallic Luster: no
Hardness: 3
Acid reaction: yes
Crystal: tabular, rhombohedral

name formula, metallic luster, harness, acid reaction and crystal of ARAGONITE

Formula: CaCO3
Metallic Luster: no
Hardness: 3.5-4
Acid reaction: yes
Crystal: stout prism

name formula, metallic luster, harness, acid reaction and crystal of APATITE

Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(OH)
Metallic Luster: no
Hardness: 5
Acid reaction: no
Crystal: massive, prismatic

name the 6 minerals from the lab

quartz, pyrite, hematite, calcite, aragonite, apatite

which 2 minerals are metallic luster

pyrite & hematite

what 2 minerals have acid reactions

calcite & aragonite

name the mineral (1) with a hardness greater than 5.5 and non metallic

quartz

name the minerals less than 5.5 hardness

apatite, aragonite, calcite

igneous rocks and cooling

cool from molten material which creates crystalline texture with. minerals that interlock with no spaces between them

igneous rocks that cool fast on the earths surface

extrusive igneous rocks, produce tiny crystals not visible to the bare eye

igneous rocks that cool slowly within the earths surface

intrusive igneous rocks, produces large crystals visible to the eye

sedimentary rocks

formed from sediments that have been eroded, transported and deposited on earths surface. Has granular texture (composed of fragments of other rocks cemented together.

metamorphic rocks

formed when sedimentary or igneuos rocks are altered (temp and pressure) without actually melting. Have a crystalline texture and are layered

what rocks may contain calcite

sedimentary and metamorphic

Classify this rock, explain why and can a fossil be found? ASH TUFF

igneous will powder off on scratch test, extrousive and crystilized maybe

Classify this rock, explain why and can a fossil be found? BASALT

igneous contains gas bubbles no

Classify this rock, explain why and can a fossil be found? GRANODIORITE

igneous large crystals, large black spots, magma chamber type of rock no

Classify this rock, explain why and can a fossil be found? SCHIST

metamorphic layers, crystals, found inside mountain (fossils been destroyed) no

Classify this rock, explain why and can a fossil be found? CONGLOMERATE

sedimentary pebbles (large), layered and crytsal yes

Classify this rock, explain why and can a fossil be found? SHALE

sedimentary sand, fragmented rock yes

Classify this rock, explain why and can a fossil be found? SANDSTONE

sedimentary mud, layers yes

Classify this rock, explain why and can a fossil be found? LIMESTONE

sedimentary in ocean, layered, reacts fast maybe