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Microbiology Lab > Lab 3: Introduction to Staining Techniques > Flashcards

Lab 3: Introduction to Staining Techniques Flashcards

1
Q

Cocci

A

Spheres

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2
Q

Bacilli

A

Rods

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3
Q

Spirilla

A

Spirals

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4
Q

Vibrios

A

Slightly curved rods

Variation of bacilli (rods)

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5
Q

Coccobacilli

A

Short rods

Variation of bacilli (rods)

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6
Q

Spirochetes

A

Flexible spirals

Variation of spirilla (spirals)

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7
Q

Cell Arrangement

A

Determined by:
* The number of planes in which division occurs
* Whether the cells seperate after division

Is useful in identifying bacteria

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8
Q

What is:

Rarely seen as anything other than singular cells?

A

Spirilla

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9
Q

Which two morphologies form multicellular assocoations?

A

Cocci and Bacillus

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10
Q

Which morphology exhibits the most variety in arrangements?

A

Cocci

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11
Q

Diplococcus

A

Formed if two daughter cells remain attached after coccus divides

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12
Q

Diplobacilli

A

Produced if the two daughter cells remain attached after bacilli divides

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13
Q

Streptococcus and Streptobacillus

A
  • Formed if the cells continue to divide in the same plane and remain attached
  • Form a chain
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14
Q

Cell Arrangement:

Single Cells

A
  • Cocci
  • Bacilli
  • Spirilla
  • Spirochetes
  • Vibrios

Cell Morphology with the Cell Arrangement

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15
Q

Cell Arrangement:

Pairs of cells

(“diplo-“)

A
  • Cocci
  • Bacilli

Cell Morphology with the Cell Arrangement

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16
Q

Cell Arrangement:

Chains of cells

(“strepto-“)

A
  • Cocci
  • Bacilli

Cell Morphology with the Cell Arrangement

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17
Q

Cell Arrangement:

Tetrads

A
  • Cocci

Cell Morphology with the Cell Arrangement

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18
Q

Cell Arrangement:

Cube

(sarcina)

A
  • Cocci

Cell Morphology with the Cell Arrangement

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19
Q

Cell Arrangement:

Irregular cluster

(“staphylo-)

A
  • Cocci

Cell Morphology with the Cell Arrangement

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20
Q

Cell Arrangement:

Palisade and angular

A
  • Bacilli

Cell Morphology with the Cell Arrangement

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21
Q

Tetrad

A

Occurs if second division occurs in a plane perpendicular to the first

22
Q

Sarcina

A

Produced when a third division plane perpendicular to the other two produces a cube-shaped arrangement of eight cells

23
Q

Staphylococcus

A

Produced if the division planes of a coccus are irregular
↓
A cluster of cells is produced

24
Q

Cells volume is made up of what?

25
Q

Division patterns among cocci:

Diplococci

A

Have a single divison plane

Generally occur in pairs

26
Q

Division patterns among cocci:

Streptococci

A

Have a single division plane

Cells remain attached to form chains of variable length

27
Q

Division patterns among cocci:

Tetrads

A

When there are two perpendicular division planes

28
Q

Division patterns among cocci:

Sarcina

A

Have divided in three perpendicular planes

produce a regular cuboidal arrangement of cells

29
Q

Division patterns among cocci:

Staphylococi

A

Have divided in three planes

produce grapelike cluster of cells

30
Q

Cell Arrangment:

A

Diplococcus

31
Q

Cell Arrangment:

A

Streptococcus

32
Q

Cell Arrangment:

33
Q

Cell Arrangment:

34
Q

Cell Arrangment:

A

Staphylococcus

35
Q

Stains

A

Solutions consiting of a solvent (usually water or ethonol) and the chromogen

36
Q

Chromogen

A
  • A colored molecule
    (often a benzene derivative)
  • May have multiple chromophores
    ↳ Each chromophore adding intensity to the color
37
Q

Chromophore

A

The portion of chromogen that gives color

38
Q

Auxochrome

A

The charged portion of a chromogen

Allows it to act as a dye through ionic or covalent bonds between the chromogen and the cell

39
Q

Simple Staining

A

Used to identify and charecterize microorganisms based on:
* Morpholology
* Size
* Arrangement

40
Q

Differential Staining

Differential - Structural Stains

A

Are used to identify specific charecteristics of microorganism:
* Physical properties
* Chemical properties

41
Q

What kind of stains are all of the following:

Methylene Blue
Sarafin
Crystal Violet

A

Simple (basic) stains

42
Q

Simple staining steps:

A
  1. Create and heat fix smear on bacterial side
  2. Cover slide with stain for 1 min.
  3. Rinse with Distilled water
  4. Blot dry with bibulous paper
  5. View slide under microscope
43
Q

Negative Staining

A

Use of an acidic stain and, due to repulsion between the negative charges of the stain and the bacterial surface, the dye will not penetrate the cell

44
Q

Negative staining steps:

A
  1. Add a drop of acidic stain on the edge of the slide
  2. Using needle mix the culture sample with dye at the edge of the slide
  3. Using second slide drag the mixture across the slide
  4. Let air dry
  5. View under microscope
45
Q

Gram Staining Technique

A

Differentiates based on bacterial cell wall

46
Q

Graim staining stains:

A
  • Primary stain: Crystal Violet stains both Gram (+) and Gram (-) cells purple
  • Mordant: Grams Iodine (forms crystal violet-iodine complex)
  • Decolorizing Agent: 95% Ethanol (rinses off crystal violet and makes holes in gram (-) cell wall extracting the crystal violet)
  • Counter Stain: Safranin stains the Gram (-) cell wall pink/red
47
Q

Gram Staining procedure:

A
  1. Begin with heat-fixed slide
  2. Cover with Crystal Violet for 1 minute
  3. Rinse with DH2O
  4. Coverwith Gram Iodine for 1 minute
  5. Rinse with DH2O
  6. Rinse with 95% Ethanol to decolorize
  7. As soon as runoff is clear, IMMEDIATELY rinse with DH2O
  8. Counterstain with Safranin for 1 minute
  9. Rinse with DH2O
  10. Blot dry with bibulous paper
47
Q
A

Gram Stain

47
Q
A

Gram Negative

47
Q
A

Gram Positive

Microbiology Lab (8 decks)

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