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Anatomy And Physiology: 1190 > Lab 3 - Histology > Flashcards

Lab 3 - Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Groups of similar cells that work together to carry out a specific function are called?

A

Tissues

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2
Q

To perform specific body functions, various tissues are organized into?

A

Organs

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3
Q

Name the four major tissue types

A
  1. Epithelial 2. Muscular 3. Connective 4. Nervous
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4
Q

What is histology?

A

The microscopic study of tissue structure and function

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5
Q

What do epithelial tissues cover?

A

The cover external body surfaces, line cavities and hollow organs and they form glands

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6
Q

What is epithelial tissues function?

A

Protection, absorption, secretion, filtration, and excretion

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7
Q

Name some distinguishing characteristics of epithelial tissue (4)

A
  1. They do not have blood supply 2. The tissue always attached to a basement membrane (basal surface) and always has a free surface (apical surface) 3. The cells can regenerate by mitosis 4. They may produce secretions
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8
Q

If epithelial cells do not have a blood supply, how do they get their nutrients?

A

Via the underlying connective tissue

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9
Q

Name the three classes of epithelial tissue.

A
  1. Simple epithelium 2. Stratified epithelium 3. Pseudostratified epithelium
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10
Q

Name three other classes of epithelial tissue based on shape

A
  1. Squamous 2. Cuboidal 3. Columnar
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11
Q

How is nervous tissue involved in maintaining homeostasis?

A

Nervous tissue helps to control and regulate other parts of the body by sending signals when the body deviates from the norm.

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12
Q

What is the integumentary system?

A

Consists of the skin and its accessory structures like glands, hair, muscles and nerves.

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13
Q

What is the function of the integumentary system?

A
  1. Protects against mechanical stress 2. Regulates water and heat loss 3. Acts as the site of Vitamin D synthesis
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14
Q

Name the two distinct regions of the integumentary system?

A

Superficial epidermis And deeper dermis

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15
Q

What is the epithelium composed of?

A

Composed of stratified squamous epithelium

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16
Q

What is the dermis composed of?

A

Composed of a layer of connective tissue

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17
Q

What lay below the dermis?

A

Hypodermics and subcutaneous layer

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18
Q

What is the epidermis made of?

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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19
Q

How many skin layers are present in thick-skinned areas such as the palmar and plantar regions?

A

Five layers

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20
Q

What are the five layers of skin?

A
  1. Stratum corneum 2. Stratum lucidum 3. Stratum granulosum 4. Stratum spinous 5. Stratum basale
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21
Q

In thin-skinned areas which layer is not present?

A

Stratum lucidum

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22
Q

What are the dermal papillae? What is their function?

A

Are finger like projections that attach to dermis to the epidermis. Numerous collagen and elastic fibers attach to the dermis to the subcutaneous layer.

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23
Q

True or false: The dermis is highly vascularized.

A

True

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24
Q

What are stimulated by environmental changes and transmit messages to the brain for interpretation.

A

Cutaneous sensory receptors

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25
Q

What attaches the dermis to the underlying structures.

A

Hypodermis

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26
Q

Where can the accessory structures such as finger nails, sweat glands, and hair be found in the skin?

A

They are derived from the stratum basale.

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27
Q

What is the stratum corneum?

A

Outermost layer of epidermis that undergoes exfoliation.

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28
Q

What is the stratum lucidum?

A

Thick skin on finger tips, 3-5 layers of flat dead cells found on the palms of hands and the soles of feet

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29
Q

What is the stratum granulosum?

A

8-10 cell layers thick that are tightly packed together.

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30
Q

What is the stratum basale?

A

The very bottom layer of the epidermis that connects to the basement membrane. They are cuboidal columnar cells

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31
Q

What is the dermal papillae?

A

They attach the dermis to the epidermis, is also brings nutrients and oxygen to the lower layers of the epidermal cells

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32
Q

What is the corpuscle of touch?

A

This can be found in the dermal papillae of hairless skin and is used to sense pressure.

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33
Q

What is the lamellated/pacinian corpuscle?

A

In the the subcutaneous layer of the dermis it is the nerve endings in the skin responsible for sensitivity to vibrations and light touch

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34
Q

What is the subcutaneous layer?

A

This is the inner most layer of skin that act as an insulator and regulates body temperature

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35
Q

What is the function of the hair follicle?

A

To produce hair

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36
Q

What is the function of hair?

A

Regulate body temperature

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37
Q

What is the arrector pili muscle?

A

A muscle that surrounds the hair follicle and pulls the hair upright, makes goosebumps.

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38
Q

What is the sebaceous gland?

A

Can be seen connected to the hair follicle, secretes oily or waxy sebum on the lumen to lubricate and water proof the skin

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39
Q

What are the sudoriferous glands?

A

Sweat glands

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40
Q

Where the eccrine glands be found?

A

Everywhere

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41
Q

Where can the apocrine glands be found?

A

Only in the axillary and genital area.

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42
Q

What is the function of the eccrine gland?

A

Secrete on to lumen where it cools the skin by evaporation as a way to regulate body temperature

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43
Q

What is the function of the apocrine gland?

A

Releases fatty secretions to lumen where local bacteria break it down to an odorous fatty acid.

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44
Q

Give two functions of keratinocytes.

A
  1. Form a barrier against environmental damage by sensing when foreign body comes in contact with epidermis and signals leukocytes to attack the site.
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45
Q

What is the function of the capillary networks in the dermis?

A

To supply the dermis with nutrients and oxygen needed

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46
Q

What regions of the body do not have hair?

A

Palms of hands and soles of feet - ie places with thick skin or stratum lucidum

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47
Q

Which layer of the epidermis have accumulations of melanin in their cells?

A

Stratum spinosum

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48
Q

What is the function of melanin in the skin?

A

Protect against UV rays and also influence skin colour

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49
Q

What is the origin of carotene?

A

Can be found in the stratum corneum and the dermis

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50
Q

What is the function of carotene?

A

Can be converted to vitamin A

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51
Q

What is the function of keratinized skin?

A

Designed to shed often to protect from external contagions.

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52
Q

What is the functions of non-keratinized skin?

A

Designed for protection and lubrication during things such as swallowing and chewing

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53
Q

Name the tissue

A
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54
Q

Describe simple squamous epithelium

A
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55
Q

What is the locations of simple squamous epithelium

A
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56
Q

What is the function of simple squamous epithelium?

A
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57
Q

Name the tissue

A
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58
Q

Describe simple cuboidal epithelium

A
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59
Q

Where can simple cuboidal epithelium be found?

A
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60
Q

What is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium?

A
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61
Q
A
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62
Q

Name the tissue

A

simple columnar epithelium

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63
Q

Describe simple columnar epithelium

A
64
Q

Where can simple columnar epithelium be found?

A
65
Q

What is the function of simple columnar epithelium?

A
66
Q

Name the tissue and what additional you can see in this photo

A
67
Q

Describe pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

A
68
Q

Where can you find pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?

A
69
Q

What is the function of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?

A
70
Q

Name the tissue

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

71
Q

Describe stratified squamous epithelium

A

several layers of cells, you will see squamous at the apical surface and cuboidal or columnar at the basal surface

72
Q

Where can stratified squamous epithelium be found?

A
73
Q

What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium?

A
74
Q

Name the tissue

A
75
Q

Describe transitional epithelium

A
76
Q

What is the location of transitional epithelium?

A
77
Q

What is the function of transitional epithelium?

A
78
Q

What is an endocrine gland?

A
79
Q

What is an exocrine gland?

A
80
Q

Endocrine glands such as ________ and ________ secrete ________.

A
81
Q

Name an example of an exorcine gland

A
82
Q

What is the unicellular exocrine gland and what does it produce?

A
83
Q

Name the tissue

A
84
Q

Describe the pancreas tissue

A
85
Q

Where can pancreas tissue be found?

A
86
Q

What is the function of pancreas tissue?

A
87
Q

Name the tissue

A
88
Q

Describe the salivary gland

A
89
Q

What is the locations of the salivary glands?

A
90
Q

What is the function of the salivary glands?

A
91
Q

Name the tissue

A
92
Q

Describe the sebaceous gland

A
93
Q

What is the location of the sebaceous gland?

A

runs along the hair follicle

94
Q

What is the function of the sebaceous gland?

A
95
Q

Name the gland

A

Sudoriferous gland

96
Q

Describe the sudoriferous gland

A
97
Q

What is the locations of the sudoriferous glands?

A
98
Q

What is the function of the sudoriferous glands?

A
99
Q

Name the tissue.

A
100
Q

Describe areolar connective tissue.

A
101
Q

Where can areolar tissue be found?

A
102
Q

What is the function of areolar connective tissue?

A
103
Q

What is the most common functions of connective tissue?

A
  1. Protect
  2. Support
  3. Bind together other tissues
  4. Insulate
  5. Transport
  6. Act to store energy as fat
104
Q

Name the two major components of the extracellular matrix.

A
105
Q

What is the function of the three different types of fibers?

A
106
Q

What are the kinds of ground substance that may be seen?

A
107
Q

Name the three types of fibers.

A
108
Q

How can you distinguish collagen fibers and what is their function?

A
109
Q

Where can collagen fibers be found?

A
110
Q

How can you distinguish elastic fibers and what is their function?

A
111
Q

Where can elastic fibers be found?

A
112
Q

How can you distinguish reticular fibers and what is their function?

A
113
Q

Where can reticular fibers be found?

A

Form the framework for many soft organs like the spleen and lymph nodes and form part of the basement membrane of epithelial tissue.

114
Q

Name the tissue

A
115
Q

Describe adipose connective tissue.

A

the nucleus and cytoplasm are displaced peripherally due to a large internal fat droplet. The matrix is sparse and the cells are closely packed.

116
Q

Where can adipose connective tissue be found?

A
117
Q

What is the function of adipose connective tissue?

A
118
Q

Name the tissue

A

Reticular connective tissue

119
Q

Describe reticular connective tissue.

A
120
Q

Where can the reticular connective tissue be found?

A
121
Q

What is the function of reticular connective tissue?

A

ties cells of smooth muscle together filter blood into spleen, remove bacteria from lymph nodes.

122
Q

Name the tissue

A

dense irregular connective tissue

123
Q

Describe dense irregular connective tissue.

A

They appear as wavy bundles of parallel collagen fibers. The whole cell is darkly stained, and is seen between bundles of light pink fibers

124
Q

Where in the body would you find dense irregular connective tissue?

A
125
Q

What is the function of dense irregular connective tissue?

A
126
Q

Name the tissue.

A
127
Q

Describe hyaline cartilage

A
128
Q

Where in the body would you find hyaline cartilage?

A

On the ends

129
Q

What is the function of hyaline cartilage?

A

to reduce friction

130
Q

Name the tissue

A
131
Q

Describe bone tissue

A
132
Q

What is the function of bone?

A
133
Q

Name the tissue

A
134
Q

Describe blood smear

A
135
Q

What is the function of blood?

A

provide clotting, immune function, and carries nutrients and O2 while getting rid of waste products and CO2

136
Q

Name the three types of muscle tissue.

A
137
Q

What is the function of muscle tissue?

A
138
Q

Name the tissue

A
139
Q

Describe how you can distinguish skeletal muscle tissue.

A
140
Q

Where can skeletal muscles be found?

A
141
Q

Name the muscle tissue

A
142
Q

What is the function of skeletal muscle fibers?

A

they are voluntary and conscious muscle contractions that assist in the movement of the body

143
Q

How can you distinguish cardiac muscle tissue?

A
144
Q

What is the function of the cardiac muscles?

A
145
Q

Name the muscle tissue.

A
146
Q

How can you distinguish smooth muscle tissue?

A

they are short, spindle shaped cells with a single central nucleus. The contraction is considered involuntary

147
Q

Where can smooth muscle tissue be found in the body?

A

in the walls of hollow organs such as blood vessels, gi tract, and the bladder

148
Q

What is the function of smooth muscle tissue?

A
149
Q

What is the function of intercalated discs?

A

They support synchronized contraction of the cardiac muscles, allows the cardiac muscles to work as a single functional unti

150
Q

What can be seen in this photo?

A
151
Q

How can you distinguish a neutron?

A

they have a large cell body with multiple extensions

152
Q

Where can neurons be found?

A
153
Q

How can neuroglia be distinguished?

A
154
Q

Where are the neuroglia located?

A
155
Q

What are the functions of the neuroglia?

A

Functions in supporting the neurons.

156
Q

What is the basic function of the nervous tissue?

A

to process stimuli

Anatomy And Physiology: 1190 (6 decks)

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