Lab 3 Flashcards
Gymnosperm leaf types
Linear needles, flattened needles, fascicle, awls, scales
Fascicled needles
groups of 2,3, or 5 needles surrounded at base by a non photosynthetuc dermal tissue
Pine
Awls
triangular shaped
junipers
overlapping scales
flattened scales,
other junipers, cypress, arborvitae
vascular bundles in pine needle
center of needle one large or a pair of smaller adjacent vascular bundles
where is the phloem located?
phloem located towards the semi circular edge
what surrounds the xylem and phloem
what do they make up? pine needle
parenchyma cells and modified tracheids
transfusion tissue
where is xylem located pine needle
xylem towards flattened edge
function of transfusion tissue in pine needle
conduct water and sugar between mesophyll and vascular tissues
where is the bundle sheath in pine needle?
distinct layer resembling the endodermis of roots located between transfusion tissue and photosynthesizing mesophyll cell
bundle sheath function
control the transport of water and sugars between mesophyll and vascular tissue
Pillowy mesophyll function
ground tissue with photosynthetic parenchyma cells air spaces between cells allow for gas exchange during photosynthesis
pillowy mesophyll location
between endodermis and epidermis
resin ducts
structures located in mesophyll tissue, hollow and allow passage of pine sap
what are resin ducts surrounded by?
parenchyma cells
what is a cuticle used for in pine and spruce needles
water retention
most monocot leaves have
parallel veins
function of intercalary meristem monocot leaf
leaf growth at base of leaf blade
what happens at early versus late stage leaf blade development
early stage–>folded or rolled into tube
later stage–> separates into tube loke sheath and upper flattened or keeled blade
projections on the surface of leaves
trichomes(leaf hairs)
monocot Glabrous leavse
glossy and smooth
lack trochomes
monocot pubescent leaves
have trichomes and feel fuzzy
monocot scabrous leaves
sharpened scales that feel rough
whih\ch photosynthesis pathway is advantageous in dry hot or CO2 limited environments
C4
what are the largest and more distinct cells in Zea cross sections monocot
bundle sheath parenchyma
is there chloroplasts in bundle sheath cells
densly packed with chloroplasts bc hella carbon fixation in C4 plants
what is found in each bundle Monocot
large xylem vessel elements and tracheids.
ploem sieve tube and sclerenchyma fibers
what is stomata surrounded by?
guard cells
upper dermal later water filled cells are called
what do they do
bulliform, roll and unroll the leaves
Dicot vs monocot leaf veins
monocots have parallel veins
dicots have netted veins
main veins start at a point clsoe to the petiole
Palmate venation dicot
smaller veins come off main vein opposite or nearly opposite each other
pinnate venation dicot
dicot leaves have one or several enlarged
midribs
what is the dicot leaf design
blade with petiole that connects blade to stem, stipule
stipule
smaller leaflike projection below where petiole attaches
when does a leaf scar appear?
stipule scar remains if pulled apart or when leaves fall
what is it called when petiole short or absent
sessile or clasping
clasping vs sessile
clasping kinda wrapped around typa shit sessile just chillin on da side
petiolate
have petiole present
what is compound leaf
when leaves have long modified petioles that subdivide and form leaflets connected to central axis or rachis
compound leafs can either be
palmate or pinnate’
pinnate is when leaflets arranged along the rachis
palmate have leaflets arising from tip of petiole->LIke a palm
where is the cuticle found in dicot leaf
upper epidermis
what may or may not be present on dicot leaf
trichomes1
what is under upper epidermis layer in docot leaf?
palisade layer
what is beneath the palisade layer in dicot leaf?
spongy mesophyll
how are the vascular tissues arranged in dicot leaf
in bundles throughout spongy meso-phyll and midvein in the midrib
anatomy of midvein
xylem near upper leaf surface
phloem near lower leaf surface
layers of collenchyma for support
Phenology
timing of biological events in relation to annual cycle of environmental events
