Lab 3

Question 1

Gymnosperm leaf types

Answer 1

Linear needles, flattened needles, fascicle, awls, scales

Question 2

Fascicled needles

Answer 2

groups of 2,3, or 5 needles surrounded at base by a non photosynthetuc dermal tissue
Pine

Question 3

Awls

Answer 3

triangular shaped
junipers

Question 4

overlapping scales

Answer 4

flattened scales,
other junipers, cypress, arborvitae

Question 5

vascular bundles in pine needle

Answer 5

center of needle one large or a pair of smaller adjacent vascular bundles

Question 6

where is the phloem located?

Answer 6

phloem located towards the semi circular edge

Question 7

what surrounds the xylem and phloem
what do they make up? pine needle

Answer 7

parenchyma cells and modified tracheids
transfusion tissue

Question 8

where is xylem located pine needle

Answer 8

xylem towards flattened edge

Question 10

function of transfusion tissue in pine needle

Answer 10

conduct water and sugar between mesophyll and vascular tissues

Question 11

where is the bundle sheath in pine needle?

Answer 11

distinct layer resembling the endodermis of roots located between transfusion tissue and photosynthesizing mesophyll cell

Question 12

bundle sheath function

Answer 12

control the transport of water and sugars between mesophyll and vascular tissue

Question 13

Pillowy mesophyll function

Answer 13

ground tissue with photosynthetic parenchyma cells air spaces between cells allow for gas exchange during photosynthesis

Question 14

pillowy mesophyll location

Answer 14

between endodermis and epidermis

Question 15

resin ducts

Answer 15

structures located in mesophyll tissue, hollow and allow passage of pine sap

Question 16

what are resin ducts surrounded by?

Answer 16

parenchyma cells

Question 17

what is a cuticle used for in pine and spruce needles

Answer 17

water retention

Question 18

most monocot leaves have

Answer 18

parallel veins

Question 19

function of intercalary meristem monocot leaf

Answer 19

leaf growth at base of leaf blade

Question 20

what happens at early versus late stage leaf blade development

Answer 20

early stage–>folded or rolled into tube
later stage–> separates into tube loke sheath and upper flattened or keeled blade

Question 21

projections on the surface of leaves

Answer 21

trichomes(leaf hairs)

Question 22

monocot Glabrous leavse

Answer 22

glossy and smooth
lack trochomes

Question 23

monocot pubescent leaves

Answer 23

have trichomes and feel fuzzy

Question 24

monocot scabrous leaves

Answer 24

sharpened scales that feel rough

Question 25

whih\ch photosynthesis pathway is advantageous in dry hot or CO2 limited environments

Answer 25

C4

Question 26

what are the largest and more distinct cells in Zea cross sections monocot

Answer 26

bundle sheath parenchyma

Question 27

is there chloroplasts in bundle sheath cells

Answer 27

densly packed with chloroplasts bc hella carbon fixation in C4 plants

Question 28

what is found in each bundle Monocot

Answer 28

large xylem vessel elements and tracheids.
ploem sieve tube and sclerenchyma fibers

Question 29

what is stomata surrounded by?

Answer 29

guard cells

Question 30

upper dermal later water filled cells are called
what do they do

Answer 30

bulliform, roll and unroll the leaves

Question 31

Dicot vs monocot leaf veins

Answer 31

monocots have parallel veins
dicots have netted veins

Question 32

main veins start at a point clsoe to the petiole

Answer 32

Palmate venation dicot

Question 33

smaller veins come off main vein opposite or nearly opposite each other

Answer 33

pinnate venation dicot

Question 34

dicot leaves have one or several enlarged

Answer 34

midribs

Question 35

what is the dicot leaf design

Answer 35

blade with petiole that connects blade to stem, stipule

Question 36

stipule

Answer 36

smaller leaflike projection below where petiole attaches

Question 37

when does a leaf scar appear?

Answer 37

stipule scar remains if pulled apart or when leaves fall

Question 38

what is it called when petiole short or absent

Answer 38

sessile or clasping

Question 39

clasping vs sessile

Answer 39

clasping kinda wrapped around typa shit sessile just chillin on da side

Question 40

petiolate

Answer 40

have petiole present

Question 41

what is compound leaf

Answer 41

when leaves have long modified petioles that subdivide and form leaflets connected to central axis or rachis

Question 42

compound leafs can either be

Answer 42

palmate or pinnate’
pinnate is when leaflets arranged along the rachis
palmate have leaflets arising from tip of petiole->LIke a palm

Question 43

where is the cuticle found in dicot leaf

Answer 43

upper epidermis

Question 44

what may or may not be present on dicot leaf

Answer 44

trichomes1

Question 45

what is under upper epidermis layer in docot leaf?

Answer 45

palisade layer

Question 46

what is beneath the palisade layer in dicot leaf?

Answer 46

spongy mesophyll

Question 47

how are the vascular tissues arranged in dicot leaf

Answer 47

in bundles throughout spongy meso-phyll and midvein in the midrib

Question 48

anatomy of midvein

Answer 48

xylem near upper leaf surface
phloem near lower leaf surface
layers of collenchyma for support

Question 49

Phenology

Answer 49

timing of biological events in relation to annual cycle of environmental events