lab 1 Flashcards
Cell
smallest structural and functional unit of organism
Photosynthesis
solar energy converted to organic matter
where does photosynthesis occur?
chloroplasts
Parenchyma
-cells are thin walled and living at maturity
what are Parenchyma called when they contain chloroplasts?
Chlorenchyma
Collenchyma
uneven thickened walls and are living
Scherenchyma
cells are dead at maturity and have thick cell walls
what are the two types of Sclerenchyma?
fibers and schlereids
Middle Lamella
Cementing layer which glues adjacent cells together
in Schlerids, what is the cavity where cytoplasm is
Lumen
Fibers
Thick walled cells that provide support for the plant elongated narrow cells
what is cell wall inlaid with
plasmalemma
what carbohydrates does cell wall contain
what is their function
cellulose, pectin, and lignin
structural support
what is the function of lipids in plasma membrane
regulat4e chemical movement
cytoplasm
fluid matrix in cell membrane
nucleus
contains DNA
Central vacuole
fluid filled organelles that provide structure and store nutrients and water
anthocyanin
pigment found in vacuole
cytoplasmic streaming
transfer of materials in and out of cells
function of roots
anchor plants, obtain water and nutrients, store energy
function shoots
search for sunligt, conduct water and nutrient, conduct carbohydrates
Monocots
one seed leaf
Dicot
two seed leaf
crowns
shoots
where do new shoots arise from
from buds containing shoot apical meristem
what is it called if a bud occurs tip of shoot
terminal bud
what are buds arising from nodes below terminal bud called
axillary bud
Monocot shoot epidermis
rarely photosynthetic, outermost layer, waxy cuticle
Monocot shoot bundles
vascular tissues, contain xylem and phloem
what is xylem composed of
tracheids and vessels, hollow and dead
what is phloem composed of
sieve tube elemets and companion cells
Dicot shoot what is primary xylem formed by
apical meristem
Dicot what is secondary xylem formed by
vascular cambium
what is vascular cambium
lateral meristem increases girth
Dicot shoot formation of new xylem pushes
older primary xylem to center
Dicot shoot what happens in the phloem as stem ages
primary phloem disintegrate
Dicot shoot what is outermost of primary phloem made of
phloem fibers which are sclerencyma
Dicot shoot secondary phloem where
under primary phloem outside vasc cambium
dicot primary root
early stage of development–>taproot
where do lateral roots arise from? dicot
pericycle
Monocot root system
fibrous root system, then turns into adventitious root systemh
where does adventitious root system develop
from stem tissue
stele
endodermis, pericycle, vascular tissue
Cladophylls
cactus pads, water storing,
each cactus pad represent
internode
buds
bit of broccoli and cauliflower we consume
Corms
Single fleshy stem with reduced leaves, stem modification, below surface
bulb
enlarged basal bud enclosed by thick scale like leaves
Turnicate or inbricate bulb
onion and tulip
Scaly bulb
lily
Tubers
root or stem modifications
thin epidermal later covering parenchyma
+potato
tuberous stem
tuberous root
dahlia and peony
storage taproots
root modification
carrots and beets
Stolons
reproduce asexually, modified stems
where it contacts soil a new root and shoot forms
strawberry
Rhizome
stem modification like stolon but extend horizonotally below ground, sprout adventitious root
iris, turf and pasture grasses
Nodules
modified root, legumes, nitrogen fixing bacteria
adventitious roots
roots that arise from plant part other than primary root,
Arial roots
early stage of adventitous root, provide support for epiphytic plants
epiphytic plant
live on other plant
prop root
corn
where roots reach grown
