Lab 2 Review: Integumentary System

Question 1

Polarity (re epithelia)

Answer 1

That epithelia have an apical surface, exposed to the body exterior (keritanized or not, ciliated or not), and basal surface, attached to a noncellular basal lamina made of glycoproteins and fine collagen fibers

Question 2

specialized contacts/cellularity (epithelia)

Answer 2

cells fit close together to form a continuous sheet; attached by lateral contacts like tight junctions/desmosomes/gap junctions

Question 3

supported by connective tissue (epithelia)

Answer 3

epithelia rest on a basement membrane composed of mostly collagen fibers: reinforces epithelial sheet, helps to resist stretching and tearing

Question 4

function of simple squamous epithelia

Answer 4

easy diffusion and filtration of substances, secretion of lubricating substances in serosae

Question 5

location of simple squamous epithelia

Answer 5

kidney glomeruli, air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels, lining of ventral body cavity (serosae)

Question 6

function of stratified squamous epithelia

Answer 6

protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion

Question 7

location of stratified squamous epithelia

Answer 7

nonkeratinized: moist linings of the esophagus, mouth and vagina
keratinized: epidermis of skin

Question 8

function of simple cuboidal epithelia

Answer 8

secretion and absorption

Question 9

location of simple cuboidal epithelia

Answer 9

kidney tubules, ovary surface, ducts and secretory surfaces of small glands

Question 10

function of simple columnar epithelia

Answer 10

absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes and other substances; ciliated propels mucus or reproductive cells

Question 11

location of simple columnar epithelia

Answer 11

nonconciliated: most of digestive tract, gall bladder, excretory ducts of some glands

ciliated: small bronchi, uterine tubes, some regions of uterus

Question 12

two major body cavities

Answer 12

dorsal and ventral

Question 13

serosa

Answer 13

a thin, double-layered epithelial membrane (simple squamous) that secretes and is filled with serous fluid
-lines the pleural cavities, pericardial cavity, and peritoneal cavity
-outer layer: parietal; inner layer: visceral

Question 14

outer layer of the serosa (lines internal body wall)

Answer 14

parietal

Question 15

inner layer of the serosa (covers the internal organs)

Answer 15

visceral

Question 16

three types of protection that the skin provides

Answer 16

chemical (low pH from sweat and sebum against bacteria; melanin against UV), physical (keratin and glycolipids against water entry and loss), and biological (immune system against pathogens)

Question 17

how does the integumentary system thermoregulate

Answer 17

dilation and constriction of blood vessels in skin; sweat

Question 18

types of cutaneous sensation and their corresponding sense receptors

Answer 18

-temp (thermoreceptors)
-touch (tactile/meissner’s corpuscles (dermis), merkel/tactile cells (epidermis) and hair follicle receptors)
-pressure (lamellar/pascinian corpuscle)
-pain (free nerve endings)

Question 19

metabolic functions of the integument

Answer 19

-synthesis of vit D precursor
-activate steroid hormones
-chemical conversion of carcinogens

Question 20

blood reservoir of integument

Answer 20

-holds 5% of blood in body
-shunts it to places that need it (metabolically active tissue like wounds)

Question 21

excretion of integument

Answer 21

excretion of salt and nitrogenous waste (sweat)

Question 22

two types of tissue repair

Answer 22

regeneration and fibrosis

Question 23

tissue regeneration

Answer 23

Repair of tissue injury by replacement of damaged or destroyed tissue with the same kind of tissue

Question 24

Fibrosis

Answer 24

Repair of tissue injury by replacement of damaged or destroyed tissue with scar tissue
*Fibrous connective tissue

Question 25

burns

Answer 25

-heat denatures proteins and causes cell death -too much loss of fluid, containing proteins and electrolytes, can lead to renal shutdown and circulatory shock -risk of infection

Question 26

first line therapy for severe burns

Answer 26

*IV fluid replacement *Nutrient supplementation

Question 27

what's a secondary risk of severe burns after shock, loss of fluids, etc.?

Answer 27

risk of infection

Question 28

epithelium: vascular or avascular?

Answer 28

avascular. vasculature is in the connective tissue, not in the epithelial cells

Question 29

function of pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium

Answer 29

secretion and (ciliated) propulsion of mucus

Question 30

location of pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Answer 30

non-ciliated: vas deferens and male urethra ciliated: upper respiratory tract and trachea

Question 31

function of stratified cuboidal epithelia

Answer 31

(rare): secretion

Question 32

location of stratified cuboidal epithelia

Answer 32

Lines ducts of large glands (i.e. sweat glands and mammary glands)

Question 33

function of transitional epithelia

Answer 33

stretch

Question 34

location of transitional epithelia

Answer 34

Lines bladder, ureter and part of the urethra

Question 35

functions of the integument:

Answer 35

please buy me expensive cornell books protection, body temp regulation, metabolic function, excretion, cutaneous sensation, blood reservoir

Question 36

layers of the epidermous

Answer 36

come lets get sun burned corneum; lucidum; granulosum; spinosum; basale

Question 37

stratum corneum

Answer 37

*Most superficial layer *Thick layer (20 – 30 rows) of dead cells represented by flat membranous sacs filled with keratin *Accounts for up to 3/4 of the epidermis *Glycoproteins between cells enable a water- resistant layer

Question 38

stratum lucidum

Answer 38

*Thin layer (2 – 3 rows) of clear, flat, dead keratinocytes *Appears as a thin translucent band just above the stratum granulosum *Only present in thick skin

Question 39

Stratum Granulosum

Answer 39

*Thin layer (3 – 5 rows) of flattened cells *Cells are undergoing keratinization in this layer -Causes cells to flatten and nuclei and organelles to disintegrate

Question 40

Stratum Spinosum

Answer 40

*Several layers of keratinocytes *Melanin granules and epidermal dendritic cells are most abundant in this layer

Question 41

Stratum Basale

Answer 41

*Deepest epidermal layer *Connected to the dermis *Consists of a single row of mostly mitotic stem cells that give rise to keratinocytes *10 – 25% of cells are melanocytes *Some tactile (Merkel) and epidermal dendritic (Langerhans) cells also found here