Lab 1 Review: microscope and lab safety Flashcards
cranial synonym (anatomical position)
superior
caudal synonym (anatomical position)
inferior
ventral synonym (anatomical position)
anterior
dorsal synonym (anatomical position)
posterior
toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of
medial
away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of
lateral
pertaining to the main axis of the body; head, neck, trunk
axial part
pertaining to the limbs
appendicular part
closer to the origin of the body part or point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
proximal
farther from the origin of the body part or point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
distal
the basis for all directional reference
the anatomical position
organs that work together to accomplish a common goal
organ system
cutting tool used to perform initial incisions (cut in a downward direction)
scalpel
cutting tool used to perform incisions (cut away from your hand)
scissors
blunt tip that allows you to carefully maneuver silicate structures; sharp tip allows for more precise maneuvering of smaller structures (do not use excessive force)
probe
pick up or grasp structures; secure specimen during incision (do not use excessive force to pick up structures)
forceps
clean up procedure for dissection tray and reusable instruments (pins, probes, etc)
place in soapy water
clean up procedure for disposable sharps (scalpels)
sharps container
clean up procedure for biological specimens
clear specimen bag
clean up procedure for gloves, paper towels, bench liners, etc
garbage bin
Lens that provide a 10X magnification for viewing the specimen.
Eyepiece (Ocular Lens)
Supports the objective lens system and eyepiece
Head
Connects the base and the head
arm (neck)
Rotating mechanism that allows the sequential position of
the objective lenses
revolving nosepiece
Adjustable lens system that allows for different magnification powers
1. Scanning (4X)
2. Low Power (10X)
3. High Power (40X)
4. Oil Immersion (100X)
objective lenses
Platform to rest slide and support the mechanical stage
Has a hole to permit light to pass through for viewing the specimen
stage
Has stage clips to secure slide for viewing
Can be maneuvered to position slide for viewing
mechanical stage
Controls mechanical stage in the X (horizontal) and Y (vertical) plane
mechanical (coaxial) stage controls
Moves stage up or down to focus specimen
Coarse Adjustment
Knob
Provides precise focusing once coarse focusing has been
completed
Fine Adjustment Knob
Lens that concentrates light on the specimen
condenser
Lever located that the base of the condenser that regulates
the amount of light that passes through condenser
iris diaphragm
Provide illumination
Light Source
Controls intensity of light
lamp rheostat
Provides protection from the environment
Enables reception of sensory information
Regulates body temperature
Functions in excretion
Participates in vitamin D synthesis
integumentary system
*Secretes blood-borne chemical signals called
hormones
*Hormones regulate numerous processes
including:
*growth
*reproduction
*metabolism
*Fluid balance
*Sleep-wake cycles
endocrine system functions
*Major control and communicating center of
the body
*Relays and interprets information from
the environment
*Enables immediate responses to external
stimuli (reflexes)
*Coordinates activities of other organ
systems
*Enables thought processes, memory and
behaviors
nervous system functions
*Provides structural framework of the body
*Protects other organs
*Enables movement and locomotion
*Stores calcium and other minerals
*produces red blood cells
skeletal system functions
*Enables movement and locomotion
*Enables posture and facial expression
*Supports and protects internal organs
*participates in thermoregulation
muscular system functions
*Distributes blood cells, gases, hormones, nutrients,
and waste products
*Regulates body temperature
-participates in immune function
cardiovascular system functions
*Minimizes variation in the interstitial fluid of various
tissues by recirculating the nutrients, hormones and
wastes to the bloodstream
*Produces, maintains, and distributes immune cells to protect the body against pathogens and toxins
Lymphatic/Immune
System Functions
*Enables gas exchange at the lungs
*provides oxygen and other gases to the bloodstream
*removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream
*Aids in sound production for oral communication
respiratory system functions
*Produces urine to regulate fluid balance
*Excretes waste products
*Regulates electrolytes, blood pressure and
blood pH
*Participates in metabolism
urinary system functions
Breaks down food into absorbable units for
energy via mechanical and chemical digestion
Absorbs water and nutrients
Produces secretions to aid in chemical digestion
Excretes indigestible foodstuffs
digestive system functions
on either side (both sides) of the reference point
bilateral
on the other side of the reference point
contralateral
on the same side of the reference point
ipsilateral
